Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of diagnosis for cytomegalovirus retinitis and at the time of retinal detachment
| Initial CMV Retinitis Visita | Retinal Detachment Visitb | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (95%CI) or N(%) |
Mean (95%CI) or N(%) |
|||||
| Characteristic | Cases (N=41) | Controls (N=123) | OR (95% CI) | Cases (N=64) | Controls (N=192) | OR (95% CI) |
| PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||
| Age (years) | 37 (34-41) | 36 (31-40) | 1.02 (0.97-1.07) | 38 (34-42) | 38.5 (33-44) | 0.99 (0.96-1.03) |
| Female | 23 (56.1%) | 71 (57.7%) | 0.93 (0.46-1.92) | 30 (46.9%) | 109 (56.8%) | 0.68 (0.39-1.19) |
| CD4 count (cells/μm3)c | 83.0 (37-129) | 78.2 (56-111) | 1.00 (0.98-1.03) | 226 (172-279) | 189 (163-215) | 1.01 (0.99-1.02) |
| Taking antiretroviral therapyd | 26 (92.9%) | 90 (91.8%) | 1.08 (0.16-7.55) | 46 (95.8%) | 163 (95.3%) | 1.24 (0.24-6.33) |
| CMV retinitis in contralateral eye | 26 (63.4%) | 49 (39.8%) | 2.74 (1.25-6.03) | 43 (67.2%) | 101 (52.6%) | 1.91 (1.03-3.57) |
| No prior CMV retinitis diagnosis | 41 (100%) | 123 (100%) | - | 23 (35.9%) | 27 (14.1%) | 3.16 (1.67-6.01) |
| Months since CMV diagnosise | - | - | - | 8.2 (4.5-11.9) | 12.9 (10.3-15.6) | 0.98 (0.96-1.00) |
| EYE CHARACTERISTICS | ||||||
| Visual acuity (logMAR)f | 0.87 (0.68-1.06) | 0.72 (0.60-0.80) | 1.04 (0.98-1.10) | 1.46 (1.32-1.60) | 0.60 (0.50-0.70) | 1.24 (1.16-1.33) |
| Lesion active | 30 (73.2%) | 93 (75.6%) | 0.87 (0.38-2.00) | 18 (28.1%) | 52 (27.1%) | 1.06 (0.55-2.03) |
| Lesion size (% retinal surface)g | 12.8% (9.5-16.1%) | 8.2% (6.7-9.6%) | 2.67 (1.45-4.91) | - | - | - |
| Most posterior extent of retintiish | 28.3% (22.1-34.4%) | 27.9% (24.8-31.0%) | 1.01 (0.82-1.25) | - | - | - |
| Most anterior extent of retinitisi | 78.1% (72.9-83.3%) | 72.5% (69.4-75.5%) | 1.26 (0.99-1.60) | - | - | - |
| Number of lesions | 1.6 (1.3-1.9) | 1.3 (1.2-1.4) | 1.68 (1.03-2.74) | - | - | - |
| Vitreous haze present | 6 (14.6%) | 6 (4.9%) | 4.37 (1.06-18.11) | 4 (6.3%) | 3 (1.6%) | 4.00 (0.90-17.87) |
| Retinal hemorrhage present | 18 (43.9%) | 61 (49.6%) | 0.78 (0.37-1.64) | 13 (20.3%) | 43 (22.4%) | 0.89 (0.45-1.75) |
| Frosted branch angiitis present | 6 (14.6%) | 6 (4.9%) | 3.29 (0.99-10.92) | 2 (3.1%) | 1 (0.5%) | 6.00 (0.54-66.17) |
Bold values indicate a likelihood ratio p-value <0.05. CMV= cytomegalovirus; CD4= cluster of differentiation 4; logMAR= logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution
Longitudinal analysis of the risk factors at the time of initial CMV retinitis diagnosis that predict subsequent retinal detachment; excludes matched groups in which the case had a retinal detachment at the time of initial CMV retinitis diagnosis.
Cross-sectional analysis of the characteristics present at the time of retinal detachment diagnosis and their association with retinal detachment; includes all matched groups.
Data not available for all patients. 32 (78.0%) cases and 108 (87.8%) controls had data at the initial visit; 59 (92.2%) cases and 181 (94.3%) controls had data at the matched visit. Odds ratio indicates odds of retinal detachment per 10 cells/μm3.
Data not available for all patients. 28 (68.3%) cases and 98 (79.7%) controls had data at the initial visit; 48 (75.0%) cases and 171 (89.1%) controls had data at the matched visit.
Time since diagnosis of CMV retinitis. Numbers in table include all cases and controls; if the 23 cases with a retinal detachment at the time of CMV retinitis diagnosis and their 69 corresponding controls are excluded, the mean time since CMV retinitis diagnosis was 12.8 months (95%CI 7.5 to 18.1) for cases and 13.4 (95%CI 9.9 to 16.9) for controls.
Odds ratio indicates odds of retinal detachment per line of logMAR visual acuity.
Percent of the total retinal area occupied by the lesion by assessment of retinal drawings; odds ratio indicates odds of retinal detachment per 10% total retinal surface area
Distance from the fovea to the most proximal lesion border, calculated as a percent of the distance from the fovea to the ora serrata; odds ratio indicates odds of retinal detachment per 10% increase in the distance from the fovea to the most posterior border.
Distance from the fovea to the most distal lesion border, calculated as a percent of the distance from the fovea to the ora serrata; odds ratio indicates odds of retinal detachment per 10% increase in the distance from the fovea to the most anterior border.