Table 1.
During fear acquisition significant activation was observed to the CS+ relative to the CS− reflecting the fear response to the CS+
| Fear conditioning: CS+ vs CS− across all participants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area | Side | Coordinates (mm) | K (voxels) | Z-score | p-FWE |
| Amygdala* | L | −15, −3, −15 | 26 | 3.56 | 0.040 |
| Amygdala* | R | 18, 0, −15 | 12 | 3.41 | 0.063 |
| Hippocampus* | L | −12, −33, −6 | 15 | 3.19 | 0.143 |
| Hippocampus* | R | 9, −33, −6 | 31 | 3.30 | 0.093 |
| Insula* | L | −45, 15, −3 | 162 | 4.33 | 0.008 |
| Insula* | R | 36, −18, 9 | 68 | 4.44 | 0.018 |
| vmPFC* | 0, 39, 9 | 8 | 3.01 | 0.367 | |
| Thalamus | L | −3, −21, 0 | 774 | 5.53 | 0.001 |
| Brainstem | R | 9, −27, −18 | 3.78 | ||
| Caudate | R | 15, 3, 9 | 3.76 | ||
| Parahippocampal gyrus | L | −90, −12 | 136 | 5.29 | 0.006 |
| Parietal Lobe | R | 54, −30, 21 | 804 | 4.88 | < 0.001 |
| Rostral anterior cingulate | L | −3, 36, 12 | 123 | 4.24 | 0.010 |
| Subcallosal ACC | L | −3, 27, −6 | 3.66 | ||
| Cerebellum | R | −24, −57, −27 | 168 | 3.56 | 0.002 |
Collapsed activation is shown across groups. No significant differences in activation were obtained in PTSD relative to combat control participants. All analyses are FWE corrected p < 0.05, bold denotes peak global maxima within a cluster.
*Indicates small volume correction (SVC).