Table 3.
Effects of group during extinction recall
| Area | Side | Coordinates (mm) | K (voxels) | Z-score | p-FWE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Extinction recall: CS+E vs CS− greater in PTSD patients relative to combat controls | |||||
| Amygdala* | L | −27, −12, −9 | 1 | 2.74 | 0.127 |
| Amygdala* | R | 30, 3, −27 | 1 | 2.80 | 0.132 |
| Hippocampus* | L | −24, −36, 6 | 1 | 2.61 | 0.318 |
| Hippocampus* | R | 15, −36, −9 | 3 | 2.81 | 0.281 |
| Insula* | L | −33, 18, −3 | 28 | 3.31 | 0.089 |
| Insula* | R | 36, 27, −3 | 44 | 3.85 | 0.047 |
| vmPFC* | 0 | ||||
| Postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) | R | 51, −18, 33 | 727 | 4.09 | 0.001 |
| Parietal lobe | R | 45, −21, 39 | 3.82 | ||
| Parietal lobe | L | −48, −33, 36 | 236 | 3.81 | 0.018 |
| Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/midcingulate | L | −3, 18, 30 | 280 | 3.68 | 0.008 |
| Putamen/pallidum | R | 18, 6, 3 | 3.65 | ||
| Caudate | R | 9, 3, 15 | 3.43 | ||
| Extinction recall: CS+E greater in combat controls relative to PTSD patients | |||||
| Amygdala* | L | 0 | |||
| Amygdala* | R | 0 | |||
| Hippocampus* | L | 0 | |||
| Hippocampus* | R | 33, −12, −36 | 10 | 3.61 | 0.178 |
| Insula* | L | 0 | |||
| Insula* | R | 48, −6, −6 | 5 | 3.00 | 0.213 |
| vmPFC* | 3, 57, 3 | 94 | 3.40 | 0.048 | |
| mPFC | R | 6, 60, 6 | 622 | 4.48 | <0.001 |
| Lingual gyrus | R | 3, −78, −12 | 403 | 3.66 | 0.001 |
| Extinction recall: CS+E greater in PTSD relative to combat controls | |||||
| Amygdala* | L | −24, −12, −6 | 1 | 2.81 | 0.127 |
| Amygdala* | R | 27, 0, −27 | 5 | 2.77 | 0.096 |
| Hippocampus* | L | 0 | |||
| Hippocampus* | R | 0 | |||
| Insula* | L | −24, 18, 6 | 1 | 2.64 | 0.351 |
| Insula* | R | 45, −6, 0 | 24 | 3.48 | 0.098 |
| vmPFC* | 0 | ||||
| Middle temporal gyrus | R | 60, 3, −12 | 643 | 3.98 | <0.001 |
| Precentral gyrus | R | 66, −9, 27 | 3.69 | ||
| Superior temporal gyrus | R | 60, −18, 3 | 3.61 | ||
Response to CS+E is also compared between groups, demonstrating enhanced vmPFC activity in combat controls relative to the PTSD patients. No significant group effects existed for CS− alone. All activation FWE p < 0.05, bold denotes peak global maxima within a cluster.
*Indicates SVC.