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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2014 Oct;0:89–91. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2014.11.002

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are recognized by PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-1 or receptor for advanced glycosylation endproducts (RAGE) on the cell surface or endosomes11,12. Stimulation of PRRs activates innate immune signaling pathways, leading to mobilization of the transcriptional factors NFkB and IRF-311,12. These transcriptional effects induce changes in epigenetic modifiers (eg. upregulation of the histone acetyltransferases, downregulation of the histone deacetylases), that increases the probability of an open state configuration of the chromatin. The open configuration state increases the epigenetic plasticity, and thereby the phenotypic fluidity of the cell in an adaptive manner to respond to the stress.