Table 1.
Description of patient-level and treating facility-level variables
| N = 254, 650 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Medicaid (23, 442) | Uninsured (11, 207) | |||
|
| ||||
| Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | Pre-intervention | Post-intervention | |
|
| ||||
| N (%) | 7,505 (32.0) | 15,937 (68.0) | 4,883 (43.6) | 6,324 (56.4) |
|
| ||||
| Age (%) | ||||
| 19 – 34 | 25.3 | 20.7 | 39.6 | 32.1 |
| 35 – 49 | 37.4 | 37.8 | 35.2 | 34.8 |
| 50 – 64 | 37.3 | 41.5 | 25.2 | 33.1 |
|
| ||||
| Female (%) | 52.3 | 53.6 | 34.7 | 36.6 |
|
| ||||
| Race (%) | ||||
| White | 37.2 | 38.7 | 46.9 | 47.8 |
| Black | 25.8 | 25.2 | 18.0 | 19.0 |
| Hispanic | 17.4 | 17.4 | 9.7 | 11.6 |
| Other | 13.6 | 14.8 | 17.1 | 17.3 |
| Unspecified | 6.1 | 4.1 | 8.4 | 4.3 |
|
| ||||
| Procedure Category (%) | ||||
| Joint Replacement | 32.7 | 35.1 | 11.0 | 17.0 |
| Fracture/Dislocation | 53.2 | 43.3 | 81.3 | 70.9 |
| Spine | 14.1 | 21.6 | 7.7 | 12.1 |
|
| ||||
| Referral Source (%) | ||||
| Non-ED‡ | 50.9 | 57.3 | 34.5 | 41.0 |
| ED‡ | 42.5 | 36.5 | 63.2 | 56.7 |
| Other | 6.6 | 6.2 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
|
| ||||
| Hospital Pre-intervention Medicaid Penetration (%)† | ||||
| 1stquartile | 6.1 | – | 10.4 | – |
| 2ndquartile | 12.0 | – | 13.6 | – |
| 3rdquartile | 24.3 | – | 22.4 | – |
| 4thquartile (highest) | 57.6 | – | 53.7 | – |
‡
Emergency Department
†
Observations in the post-intervention period were assigned variable values for the pre-intervention Medicaid penetration of the hospital in which they were admitted.