Figure 4. The deformation and failure processes of polycrystalline graphene with and without a hole under uniaxial tensile loading.

(a)–(b) A sequence of snapshots that capture the crack initiation and propagation of polycrystalline graphene with and without a hole, respectively. The dotted circles indicate the initial crack formation. (c) The close-up views of crack formation and propagation at a GB junction. It is seen that the rupture process of polycrystalline graphene by uniaxial tensile loading preferentially starts at a GB junction.