Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study patients
| Characteristics | Total | Endoscopic treatment (+) | Endoscopic treatment (-) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 68 | 22 | 46 | |
| Bleeding pattern (overt/occult) | 40/28 | 19/3 | 21/25 | 0.002 |
| Number of angioectasia, mean (median) | 3.4 (2.5) | 4.0 (2.0) | 3.1 (3.0) | 0.68 |
| Age, year, mean ± SD | 67.6 ± 12.8 | 66.9 ± 10.9 | 66.5 ± 13.6 | 0.30 |
| Sex, Male/Female | 38/30 | 11/11 | 27/19 | 0.60 |
| Drinking history (%) | 23 (33.8) | 11 (50.0) | 12 (26.0) | 0.06 |
| Smoking history (%) | 24 (35.3) | 7 (31.8) | 17 (37.0) | 0.79 |
| Blood transfusion (%) | 31 (45.6) | 17 (77.3) | 14 (30.4) | 0.001 |
| Minimum hemoglobin value, g/dl | 9.3 ± 2.7 | 8.0 ± 2.0 | 9.9 ± 2.9 | 0.006 |
| Follow-up duration, month, median (IQR) | 30.5 (16.5-47.0) | 34.0 (21.0-46.5) | 30.0 (18.0-46.0) | 0.76 |
| Rebleeding rate, number (%) | 23 (33.8) | 5 (22.7) | 18 (39.1) | 0.27 |
| Iron replacement therapy after OGIB, number (%) | 59 (86.8) | 20 (91.0) | 39 (84.8) | 0.71 |
| Comorbidity, number (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 46 (67.6) | 19 (86.4) | 27 (58.7) | 0.03 |
| Diabetes | 15 (22.1) | 7 (31.8) | 8 (17.4) | 0.22 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 18 (26.5) | 8 (36.4) | 10 (21.7) | 0.25 |
| Cerebral infarction | 9 (13.2) | 3 (13.6) | 6 (13.0) | >0.99 |
| CKD, ≥ stage 4 | 17 (86.4) | 8 (36.4) | 9 (19.6) | 0.15 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 3 (4.4) | 1 (4.5) | 2 (4.3) | >0.99 |
| Medication used, number (%) | ||||
| Warfarin | 9 (13.2) | 4 (18.2) | 5 (10.9) | 0.46 |
| LDA | 27 (39.7) | 10 (45.5) | 17 (37.0) | 0.60 |
| Thienopyridine | 9 (13.2) | 3 (13.6) | 6 (13.0) | >0.99 |
| NSAIDs | 7 (10.3) | 2 (9.1) | 5 (10.9) | >0.99 |
| H2-blockers | 17 (25.0) | 5 (22.7) | 12 (26.1) | >0.99 |
| PPIs | 25 (36.8) | 8 (36.4) | 17 (37.0) | >0.99 |
| Rebamipide | 10 (14.7) | 4 (18.2) | 6 (13.0) | >0.99 |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LDA, low-dose aspirin; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; H2-blockers, histamine H2 receptor antagonists; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors.
Variable definitions: Alcohol history was defined as positive if the subject’s alcohol consumption exceeded 20 g/day. Smoking history was defined as positive if the subject had smoked more than 10-pack years and was still smoking or had quit within the previous 10 years. History of antiplatelet drug and/or NSAID use was defined as positive if the patient had been taking at least 1 pill per day of either of these drugs for more than 1 week within 1 month prior to the CE. History of anticoagulant drug use was defined as positive if the patient had been taking at least 1 pill of anticoagulant drug per day within one week prior to the CE.
*Differences between endoscopic treatment (+) and (-) were calculated by Fisher's exact test or unpaired student t-test.