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. 2014 Dec 5;9:279. doi: 10.1186/s13014-014-0279-2

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© Ammazzalorso et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Population frequency histograms of variations in dosimetric indices for all simulated setup errors and different optimization modalities. Frequency histograms of the observed CTV ΔV_95%, CTV ΔHI and OAR ΔD_(near-)max comparing LR treatment plans with different optimization modalities (uc, mc and sc) for (a) carbon ions and (b) protons. Abbreviations: CTV – clinical target volume, OAR – organ(s) at risk, LR – lateral-opposed beam setup, uc – unconstrained mode, sc – single-field modulation, mc – multiple-field modulation.