Table 4.
Blood lactate results observed during the maximal exercise test
| BA (n = 8) | BAC (n = 9) | CRE (n = 8) | PLA (n =7) | Time | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resting lactate (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Baseline | 1.44 ± 0.64 | 1.51 ± 0.44 | 1.33 ± 0.24 | 2.03 ± 0.96 | 1.56 ± 0.63 | T = 0.71 |
| 1 Week | 1.60 ± 0.61 | 1.43 ± 0.58 | 1.18 ± 0.28 | 1.54 ± 0.46 | 1.43 ± 0.51 | G = 0.15 |
| 4 Weeks | 1.58 ± 0.43 | 1.36 ± 0.49 | 1.53 ± 0.47 | 1.66 ± 0.45 | 1.52 ± 0.45 | T × G = 0.38 |
| Group | 1.54 ± 0.12 | 1.43 ± 0.11 | 1.34 ± 0.12 | 1.74 ± 0.13 | ||
| Peak lactate (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Baseline | 12.91 ± 4.48bcd | 8.63 ± 3.34a | 9.71 ± 1.83a | 7.54 ± 2.26 | 9.73 ± 3.64 | T = 0.10 |
| 1 Week | 10.43 ± 2.27 | 8.93 ± 3.18 | 9.20 ± 2.15 | 8.76 ± 1.25 | 9.33 ± 2.36 | G = 0.07 |
| 4 Weeks | 9.85 ± 1.89† | 8.04 ± 2.59 | 8.99 ± 1.46 | 8.64 ± 2.28 | 8.87 ± 2.12 | T × G = 0.05 |
| Group | 11.06 ± 0.77bd | 8.54 ± 0.73a | 9.30 ± 0.77 | 8.31 ± 0.83a | ||
| Lactate threshold (% Peak VO2) | ||||||
| Baseline | 65.18 ± 8.37 | 67.12 ± 14.08 | 66.09 ± 7.54 | 66.40 ± 10.14 | 66.22 ± 7.45 | T = 0.14 |
| 1 Week | 68.86 ± 5.98 | 69.92 ± 7.44 | 67.31 ± 6.64 | 64.51 ± 6.88 | 67.82 ± 6/75 | G = 0.91 |
| 4 Weeks | 67.04 ± 7.66 | 69.04 ± 6.91 | 69.61 ± 9.42 | 73.53 ± 5.83 | 69.67 ± 7.58 | T × G = 0.86 |
| Group | 67.03 ± 1.73 | 68.70 ± 1.63 | 67.67 ± 1.73 | 68.15 ± 1.85 | ||
| Onset of blood lactate (%VO2peak) | ||||||
| Baseline | 77.50 ± 9.89 | 82.94 ± 10.9 | 81.71 ± 8.82 | 83.81 ± 8.82 | 81.47 ± 9.54 | T = 0.13 |
| 1 Week | 78.50 ± 10.1 | 84.90 ± 9.30 | 83.48 ± 7.67 | 75.17 ± 17.43 | 80.82 ± 11.5 | G = 0.58 |
| 4 Weeks | 84.14 ± 8.35 | 86.68 ± 8.51 | 83.76 ± 11.68 | 84.77 ± 11.93 | 84.90 ± 9.70 | T × G = 0.81 |
| Group | 80.05 ± 2.61 | 84.84 ± 2.46 | 82.98 ± 2.61 | 81.25 ± 2.79 | ||
| Blood lactate difference from baseline to max (mmol/L) | ||||||
| Baseline | 11.48 ± 4.19bcd | 7.10 ± 3.52a | 8.39 ± 1.75ad | 5.51 ± 2.15ac | 8.17 ± 3.67 | T = 0.08 |
| 1 Week | 8.83 ± 2.64† | 7.43 ± 3.31 | 8.03 ± 2.03 | 7.20 ± 1.59 | 7.88 ± 2.49 | G = 0.06 |
| 4 Weeks | 8.28 ± 1.88† | 6.61 ± 2.73 | 7.46 ± 1.26 | 6.81 ± 2.24 | 7.28 ± 2.12 | T × G = 0.02 |
| Group | 9.53 ± 0.79 | 7.05 ± 0.74 | 7.96 ± 0.79 | 6.51 ± 0.84 | ||
Individual group and time data are presented as means ± SD while time and group effects are presented as means ± SEM. MANOVA analysis revealed overall Wilks’ Lambda time (p = 0.33) and group × time (p = 0.34) effects. Univariate ANOVA p-levels from MANOVA analysis are presented for each variable. BA signifies beta-alanine only group; BAC represents beta-alanine and creatine combined group; CRE represents the creatine only group; PLA represents the placebo group; T represents time p-level; G represents group p-level, and T × G represents interaction. † represents p < 0.05 difference from baseline. arepresents p < 0.05 difference from BA group. brepresents p < 0.05 difference from BAC group. crepresents p < 0.05 difference from CRE group. drepresents p < 0.05 difference from PLA group.