Table 3.
Comparisons of SF-36, self-efficacy and self-rated health
| T1 | T2 | T3 | Between groups | Within groups | Interaction effect | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | sd | n | Mean | sd | n | Mean | sd | F (P value) [X:Y:Z] | F (P value) [A:B:C] | F (P value)§ | |
| Physical functioning | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 43·0 | 8·3 | 98 | 43·7 | 6·4 | 98 | 42·7 | 6·3 | 12·1 (<0·001**) [0·956, <0·001**, 0·001**] | 2·52 (0·112) | 2·76 (0·064) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 44·3 | 8·5 | 87 | 43·8 | 6·9 | 87 | 45·0 | 7·2 | 1·08 (0·335) [0·999, 0·999, 0·242] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 43·3 | 8·1 | 96 | 46·3 | 5·5 | 96 | 46·4 | 6·0 | 1·15 (0·318) [0·999, 0·958, 0·486] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 0·60 (0·547) [0·871, 0·999, 0·999] | 7·35 (<0·001**) [0·999, 0·006**, <0·001**] | 10·8 (<0·001**) [0·088, <0·001**, 0·060*] | 15·2 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·999] | ||||||||
| Role physical | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 42·5 | 12·2 | 98 | 44·3 | 10·8 | 98 | 42·4 | 10·1 | 11·1 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·999] | 2·67 (0·102) | 1·00 (0·366) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 42·8 | 12·5 | 87 | 47·5 | 9·0 | 87 | 47·3 | 8·1 | 1·48 (0·229) [0·435, 0·999, 0·266] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 40·1 | 12·7 | 96 | 47·3 | 8·4 | 96 | 47·4 | 8·5 | 10·9 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 1·27 (0·280) [0·999, 0·550, 0·470] | 4·70 (0·009**) [0·050, 0·015*, 0·999] | 11·2 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·999] | 19·4 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·999] | ||||||||
| Bodily pain | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 46·7 | 12·7 | 98 | 49·3 | 10·8 | 98 | 47·8 | 10·5 | 2·01 (0·134) [0·136, 0·948, 0·915] | 0·20 (0·653) | 1·26 (0·284) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 48·7 | 13·4 | 87 | 51·6 | 8·3 | 87 | 51·4 | 9·6 | 2·46 (0·091) [0·121, 0·999, 0·393] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 47·2 | 13·6 | 96 | 49·4 | 10·9 | 96 | 50·2 | 11·1 | 3·21 (0·048*) [0·071, 0·200, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 0·60 (0·547) [0·866, 0·999, 0·999] | 0·90 (0·406) [0·785, 0·999, 0·670] | 2·53 (0·081) [0·105, 0·276, 0·999] | 2·82 (0·061) [0·334, 0·084, 0·999] | ||||||||
| General health | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 31·1 | 9·2 | 98 | 33·2 | 7·6 | 98 | 32·5 | 7·9 | 2·68 (0·069) [0·405, 0·999, 0·067] | 0·84 (0·359) | 0·16 (0·850) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 33·7 | 9·8 | 87 | 35·0 | 8·5 | 87 | 34·7 | 7·7 | 2·13 (0·127) [0·186, 0·677, 0·999] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 30·3 | 8·6 | 96 | 31·9 | 6·8 | 96 | 31·9 | 7·4 | 0·90 (0·406) [0·599, 0·999, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 3·38 (0·035*) [0·159, 0·999, 0·039*] | 1·99 (0·138) [0·907, 0·934, 0·140] | 1·86 (0·156) [0·429, 0·999, 0·197] | 2·25 (0·112) [0·207, 0·330, 0·999] | ||||||||
| Vitality | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 52·1 | 9·2 | 98 | 52·4 | 6·9 | 98 | 50·8 | 7·3 | 11·6 (<0·001**) [0·120, <0·001**, 0·028*] | 3·35 (0·068) | 0·67 (0·510) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 53·7 | 9·5 | 87 | 53·8 | 6·0 | 87 | 53·8 | 8·5 | 1·52 (0·221) [0·999, 0·567, 0·203] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 51·4 | 11·4 | 96 | 55·6 | 8·5 | 96 | 54·8 | 8·5 | 0·01 (0·989) [0·999, 0·999, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 1·19 (0·304) [0·822, 0·999, 0·401] | 6·62 (0·001**) [0·999, 0·001**, 0·040*] | 8·05 (<0·001**) [0·077, <0·001**, 0·308] | 9·85 (<0·001**)[<0·001**,0·004**,0·999] | ||||||||
| Social functioning | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 53·9 | 6·2 | 98 | 50·7 | 9·0 | 98 | 52·3 | 5·6 | 4·63 (0·010**) [0·886, 0·141, 0·009**] | 0·28 (0·594) | 0·39 (0·675) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 52·8 | 8·0 | 87 | 50·0 | 6·2 | 87 | 51·1 | 8·4 | 6·47 (0·003**) [0·009**, 0·084, 0·201] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 53·2 | 6·9 | 96 | 52·8 | 6·6 | 96 | 53·3 | 7·1 | 3·11 (0·052) [0·021*, 0·654, 0·770] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 0·64 (0·526) [0·790, 0·999, 0·999] | 3·70 (0·025*) [0·999, 0·123, 0·032*] | 2·01 (0·135) [0·887, 0·964, 0·136] | 0·14 (0·866) [0·999, 0·999, 0·999] | ||||||||
| Role emotional | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 50·4 | 10·4 | 98 | 51·0 | 7·2 | 98 | 47·4 | 10·8 | 2·51 (0·083) [0·081, 0·999, 0·470] | 3·45 (0·064) | 2·57 (0·077) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 49·8 | 10·9 | 87 | 51·4 | 7·1 | 87 | 51·2 | 7·0 | 4·67 (0·010*) [0·999, 0·077, 0·007**] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 47·7 | 11·7 | 96 | 50·5 | 8·7 | 96 | 48·6 | 10·3 | 1·15 (0·315) [0·632, 0·720, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 1·52 (0·218) [0·999, 0·289, 0·612] | 0·17 (0·836) [0·999, 0·999, 0·999] | 4·08 (0·017*) [0·013*, 0·620, 0·330] | 2·55 (0·088) [0·085, 0·999, 0·198] | ||||||||
| Mental health | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 53·1 | 10·1 | 98 | 52·3 | 7·1 | 98 | 51·7 | 8·2 | 8·00 (<0·001**) [0·011*, <0·001**, 0·999] | 0·39 (0·532) | 0·59 (0·554) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 52·9 | 10·8 | 87 | 54·3 | 6·1 | 87 | 54·6 | 6·4 | 1·08 (0·338) [0·999, 0·558, 0·999] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 51·5 | 11·6 | 96 | 55·4 | 7·8 | 96 | 54·2 | 10·2 | 1·61 (0·205) [0·558, 0·435, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 0·59 (0·550) [0·999, 0·949, 0·999] | 7·08 (<0·001**) [0·085, <0·001**, 0·454] | 4·29 (0·014*) [0·040*, 0·033**, 0·999] | 5·77 (0·004**) [0·005**, 0·117, 0·700] | ||||||||
| Physical component SF36 | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 37·9 | 9·6 | 98 | 40·3 | 8·2 | 98 | 39·3 | 7·3 | 4·31 (0·014*) [0·104, 0·016*, 0·999] | 0·65 (0·419) | 1·93 (0·146) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 40·0 | 9·6 | 87 | 42·1 | 7·0 | 87 | 42·4 | 7·4 | 3·34 (0·041*) [0·052, 0·526, 0·567] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 38·0 | 8·9 | 96 | 41·6 | 6·4 | 96 | 42·6 | 7·6 | 4·41 (0·013*) [0·060, 0·039*, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 1·50 (0·223) [0·363, 0·999, 0·424] | 1·04 (0·353) [0·792, 0·544, 0·999] | 5·91 (0·003**) [0·050, 0·003*, 0·999] | 16·0 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·478] | ||||||||
| Mental component SF36 | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 56·4 | 8·9 | 98 | 54·7 | 6·0 | 98 | 53·6 | 7·9 | 2·77 (0·064) [0·269, 0·076, 0·999] | 2·73 (0·099) | 0·86 (0·424) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 55·5 | 9·6 | 87 | 55·4 | 5·5 | 87 | 55·5 | 6·5 | 4·17 (0·016*) [0·310, 0·024*, 0·570] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 54·3 | 10·6 | 96 | 56·4 | 7·9 | 96 | 54·8 | 11·0 | 0·01 (0·982) [0·999, 0·999, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 1·08 (0·338) [0·999, 0·429, 0·999] | 2·61 (0·074) [0·999, 0·071, 0·548] | 1·76 (0·173) [0·247, 0·439, 0·999] | 1·81 (0·166) [0·171, 0·999, 0·425] | ||||||||
| Self-efficacy | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 30·6 | 9·4 | 98 | 32·2 | 8·2 | 98 | 32·0 | 8·7 | 7·72 (<0·001**) [0·005*, 0·001**, 0·999] | 0·42 (0·514) | 0·99 (0·371) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 32·3 | 10·7 | 87 | 34·8 | 7·1 | 87 | 36·3 | 9·0 | 1·50 (0·224) [0·363, 0·464, 0·999] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 32·4 | 10·2 | 96 | 36·1 | 9·0 | 96 | 35·7 | 8·9 | 6·06 (0·002**) [0·070, 0·004**, 0·628] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 0·90 (0·407)[0·780,0·714,0·999] | 5·10 (0·006**)[0·161,0·005**,0·761] | 5·39 (0·005**)[0·007**,0·031*,0·999] | 8·43 (<0·001**) [0·003**, 0·005**, 0·999] | ||||||||
| Self-rated health | ||||||||||||
| Control | 98 | 2·2 | 0·9 | 98 | 2·2 | 0·6 | 98 | 2·2 | 0·7 | 19·7 (<0·001**) [0·008**, <0·001**, 0·006**] | <0·01 (0·944) | 1·30 (0·272) |
| Home visit arm | 87 | 2·3 | 0·9 | 87 | 2·5 | 0·7 | 87 | 2·4 | 0·8 | 0·06 (0·913) [0·999, 0·999, 0·999] | ||
| Call arm | 96 | 2·1 | 0·8 | 96 | 2·8 | 0·8 | 96 | 2·6 | 0·8 | 3·25 (0·045*) [0·025*, 0·353, 0·999] | ||
| F (P value) [X:Y:Z]†‡ | 0·51 (0·597) [0·999, 0·999, 0·964] | 19·3 (<0·001**) [0·083, <0·001**, 0·083] | 8·67 (<0·001**) [0·077, <0·001**, 0·077] | 28·4 (<0·001**) [<0·001**, <0·001**, 0·063] | ||||||||
*
Significant at P < 0·05;
**
P < 0·01.
†
At T1 one-way anova.
‡
At T2 and T3 ancova adjusted by T1.
§
Repeated measured adjusted by T1.
[A:B:C] multiple comparisons (Bonferroni), A: T1 vs. T2; B: T1 vs. T3; C: T2 vs. T3'. [X:Y:Z] multiple comparisons (Bonferroni), X: home visit vs. control; Y: call vs. control; Z: home visit vs. call.