Figure 3. H. polygyrus secretes exosomes of intestinal origin that contain a WAGO protein.

(a) TEM of purified ultracentrifugation pellet (100 μg ml⁻¹ total protein) from H. polygyrus secretion product, scale indicates 0.5 μm. (b) Scatter plot of proteins enriched in ultracentrifugation pellet or supernatant based on LC-MS/MS, n=3, using P<0.05 (one-way ANOVA) and FC >1.5 as cutoffs. Noted in the legend are homologues of intestinal nematode proteins (green), mammalian exosome proteins (purple), Venom Allergen-Like (VAL) proteins (orange) and an Argonaute protein (red). (c) TEM of adult worm intestine noting vesicles of comparable size to exosomes, scale indicates 1.0 μm. (d) Phylogenetic relationship of the secreted Argonaute protein identified in H. polygyrus secretion product in relation to other nematode Argonautes. The analysis was performed on the same data set described in ref. 28 with the addition of the H. polygyrus-secreted argonaute sequence, using the same method (Bayesian analysis using MrBayes v3.2).