Table 3.

Perceived Effectiveness: Paging System Versus HCGM Application, as Rated by HCGM Participants (n = 41)

Question	Baseline Average Rating of Paging System*	Post-Study Average Rating of HCGM Application	P Value†
Rate the effectiveness of each in allowing you to…
Communicate your thoughts clearly	3.194	3.806	0.010
Communicate your thoughts efficiently	3.200	3.829	0.009
Send messages to other hospital staff	3.543	3.571	0.480
Receive messages/stay informed in real time	3.222	3.306	0.405
Rate the effectiveness of each in integrating into your workflow during…
Work rounds	2.313	3.000	0.018
Patient discharge	2.448	3.276	0.012
Patient admissions	2.862	2.621	0.238
Teaching sessions	2.292	2.458	0.448
Overall satisfaction	2.811	3.459	0.003

NOTE: Abbreviations: HCGM, HIPAA-compliant group messaging.

^*HCGM participants' baseline average ratings of the paging system in this table differ slightly from those presented in Table3 due to the inclusion of different paired datasets (a result of different missing data values).

^†P values are unadjusted.