. 2014 Mar 14;55(10):1107–1116. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12222

Table 4.

Impairment, peer problems, family risk factors and life events in the diagnostic groups

	AD/DC (n = 61)	AD (n = 93)	ND (n = 79)	F	η_p²
Social impairment
SDQ total impact score
Mother	1.39 (0.96–1.82) ^a	0.52 (0.27–0.78) ^b	0.35 (0.15–0.54) ^b	13.26^***	.10
Father	0.67 (0.33–1.00) ^a	0.18 (0.05–0.30) ^b	0.12 (0.03–0.22) ^b	9.51^***	.09
SDQ peer problems
Mother	2.11 (1.60–2.63) ^a	1.04 (0.80–1.29) ^b	0.82 (0.59–1.06) ^b	15.94^***	.12
Father	1.74 (1.19–2.28) ^a	1.05 (0.76–1.34) ^ab	0.87 (0.60–1.14) ^b	5.86^***	.05
Teacher	1.23 (0.79–1.66) ^a	0.87 (0.59–1.14) ^a	0.83 (0.58–1.08) ^a	1.72	.02
Social risk factors
Family adversity	0.79 (0.55–1.03) ^a	0.65 (0.48–0.81) ^a	0.37 (0.22–0.52) ^b	5.11^**	.04
Maternal mental health problems
Depression	6.77 (5.48–8.06) ^a	4.34 (3.61–5.06) ^b	3.62 (2.78–4.45) ^b	11.24^***	.09
Somatization	7.52 (6.48–8.57) ^a	5.74 (4.93–6.54) ^b	4.68 (3.91–5.45) ^b	9.68^***	.08
Stress	5.92 (4.95–6.88) ^a	4.68 (4.03–5.34) ^{a b}	3.64 (2.91–4.37) ^b	7.88^***	.07
Family environment
Low cohesion	1.02 (0.90–1.14) ^a	0.86 (0.77–0.95) ^a	0.86 (0.78–0.95) ^a	2.86^†	.03
Low openness	0.64 (0.52–0.75) ^a	0.55 (0.46–0.64) ^a	0.58 (0.49–0.67) ^a	0.78	.01
High conflict	1.23 (1.12–1.35) ^a	1.02 (0.93–1.10) ^b	1.12 (1.03–1.21) ^{a b}	4.69^*	.04
Total negative family environment	0.96 (0.88–1.05) ^a	0.81 (0.75–0.87) ^b	0.86 (0.79–0.92) ^ab	4.61^*	.04
Life events	2.02 (1.73–2.31) ^a	1.84 (1.67–2.01) ^a	1.73 (1.53–1.94) ^a	1.56	.01

The values expressed as M (95% CI). ANOVAs, two-tailed, df = 2, 206–233.

^{a b c}

Different superscripts indicate group differences found in Post-hoc analyses (Games–Howell).

p < .05

^**

p < .01

^***

p < .001

^†

p < .10.