Table 1.

Summary of site characteristics along the elevation gradient (Aragao et al. 2009; Girardin et al. 2010; Quesada et al. 2010; Clark et al. 2013; Gurdak et al. 2014; Asner et al. 2014)

Site name	Site code	Elevation (m asl)	Lat	Long	Mean annual temp (°C)	Annual precipitation (mm year−1)	Organic layer (cm)	Aspect (deg)	Slope (deg)	Parent material	Soil classification
Explorer's Inn plot 4 (TP4)	TAM-06	194	−12.839	−69.296	26.4	2730	0.7	169.4	4.0*	Holocene alluvial terrace	Haplic Alisol
Explorer's Inn plot 3 (TP3)	TAM-05	210	−12.830	−69.271	26.4	3199	2.5	186.2	6.0†	Pleistocene alluvial terrace	Haplic Cambisol
Villa Carmen	VC	1000	−12.866	−71.401	20.7 ± 0.02	3087	3.6	na	na	na	na
San Pedro 2	SPD-2	1500	−13.049	−71.537	17.4 ± 1.5	2631	16.0	143.5	22.7†	Plutonic intrusion (granite)	Cambisol
San Pedro 1	SPD-1	1750	−13.047	−71.543	15.8 ± 1.3	2631	9.6	141.9	40.1*	Plutonic intrusion (granite)	Cambisol
Trocha Union 8	TRU-08	1850	−13.071	−71.555	16.0 ± 1.3	2472	15.6	137.0	41.8*	Plutonic intrusion (granite)	Cambisol
Trocha Union 7	TRU-07	2020	−13.074	−71.559	14.9 ± 1.1	1827	16.8	na	18.0‡	Palaeozoic shales-slates (granite)	Cambisol
Trocha Union 5	TRU-05	2520	−13.094	−71.574	12.1 ± 1.0	na	13.6	na	na	Palaeozoic shales-slates	na
Trocha Union 4	TRU-04	2720	−13.107	−71.589	11.1 ± 1.0	2318	21.4	189.8	21.0†	Palaeozoic shales-slates	Umbrisol
Trocha Union 3	TRU-03	3020	−13.109	−71.600	9.5 ± 1.0	1776	17.2	129.3	12.0‡	Palaeozoic shales-slates	Umbrisol
Wayqecha	WAY-01	3025	−13.190	−71.587	11.1 ± 1.2	1706	22.8	na	18.2†	Palaeozoic shales-slates	Umbrisol
Trocha Union 2	TRU-02	3200	−13.111	−71.604	8.9 ± 1.0	na	11.8	na	na	Palaeozoic shales-slates	Umbrisol
Trocha Union 1	TRU-01	3400	−13.114	−71.607	7.7 ± 1.1	2555	14.0	144.3	34.3‡	Palaeozoic shales-slates	Umbrisol

^*Asner et al. (2014) 25-ha plot.

^†Gurdak et al. (2014) 1-ha plot.

^‡Huasco (unpublished) 1-ha plot.

na, data not available.