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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Biol. 2013 Sep 9;23(17):R774–R788. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.07.025

Figure 6. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Reactivation of Hippocampus-Dependent Memory in Humans.

Figure 6

A.Intrinsic reactivation (indexed using Positron Emission Tomography; PET) during Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) following prior spatial navigation learning, with the extent of reactivation positively predicting next-day task improvement (distance to target before sleep minus distance to target after sleep). Adapted from Peigneux, et al., 2004. [120] B. Extrinsic reactivation of memories during NREM sleep using auditory cues previously paired with items during encoding enhances overnight memory retention (white bars), relative to those items that were not reactivated during NREM sleep with their respective auditory cues (black bars). Adapted from Rudoy, et al., 2009. [124] C. The extent of hippocampal activity measured using fMRI during similar auditory cue reactivation during NREM SWS (as in B above) positively correlated the degree of cue-related overnight memory. Effects are significant at p < 0.05, FWE-corrected with Regions of Interest. Adapted from van Dongen, et al., 2012. [125]