Figure 21.

(a) Morphological changes associated with apoptosis. (1) shows a cell under normal physiological conditions. The apoptotic response leads to cellrounding (2) followed by membrane blebbing, which occurs due to weak interaction between the membrane and actin cytoskeleton (3), formation of apoptotic bodies (4), and ultimate actin-mediated engulfment of apoptotic bodies by neighboring cells (5); (b) Dynamic monitoring of cytotoxicity using the RT-CES system. A549 cells were seeded in microtiter plates containing interdigitated microelectrodes and treated with the HDAC inhibitor Scriptaid at the indicated doses; (c) Real-time IC₅₀ values for Scriptaid. The inset shows the dose-response to Scriptaid at a single time point. (Reprinted from [165]. © 2008, with permission from John Wiley and Sons).