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. 2012 Apr 25;2(2):127–170. doi: 10.3390/bios2020127

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© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

(a) A metabolic chip integrated with IDES, ISFET sensors and Clark-type electrodes. (Reprinted from [163]. © 2007, with permission from Elsevier). (b) Integrated biochip with MEA, ECIS and LAPS.