Table 4. Univariate and multivariate generalized estimating equations model of factors associated with HIV-1 viral loads.

		Univariate		Multivariate model I		Multivariate model IIa
	No.	difference	p	difference	p	difference	P
Gender
Male	603
Female	38	−26767.8	<0.001	−20826.2	0.013	−26658.9	<0.001
Age (yrs)
<30	286
30–50	290	−4936.2	0.449	1520.8	0.823	−3313.5	0.633
≥50	48	−4747.7	0.627	2665.1	0.802	8246.7	0.404
Mode of transmission
Homosexual contact	371
Heterosexual contact	70	−3605.2	0.706	10465.9	0.387	-	-
Injecting drug use	128	−22329.5	<0.001	−73432.1	<0.001	-	-
Receipt of blood products	6	−7205.5	0.752	−35456.4	0.227	-	-
HIV-1 subtype
B	217
C	3	1607.7	0.940	23058.5	0.269	19596.9	0.325
CRF01_AE	16	−10620.5	0.291	−43785.9	0.004	−37612.3	0.004
CRF07_BC	30	−21153.8	0.005	−9074.4	0.472	−58045.6	<0.001
CRF08_BC	1	−7883.3	0.086	−113409.7	<0.001	−106777.7	<0.001
CD4 cell count (cells/mm3)
≤50	22
51–250	82	−263241.1	<0.001	−240696.2	<0.001	−246030.4	<0.001
251–500	209	−313911.1	<0.001	−290801.3	<0.001	−296881.6	<0.001
>500	160	−334294.9	<0.001	−300993.4	<0.001	−309618.0	<0.001
Received ART
No	270
Yes	371	−97661.2	<0.001	−102574.2	<0.001	−88088.5	<0.001

^aThe mode of transmission was removed from multivariate model II.