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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Dec 11.
Published in final edited form as: Nature. 2014 Jun 5;510(7503):92–101. doi: 10.1038/nature13479

Figure 2. SPM production in resolving inflammatory exudates.

Figure 2

Upper panel depicts a typical self-limited acute inflammatory response time course encountered in experimental settings from initiation (time 0) to resolution: edema, neutrophilic infiltration and nonphlogistic recruitment of monocytes/macrophages. Biosynthesis of SPM occurs temporally in resolving exudates. Non-phlogistic recruitment of monocytes and macrophages is required for homeostasis, repair and regeneration of injured tissues. Lower panel, Resolution n-3 metabolome. Biosynthesis of resolvins, protectins and maresins from EPA and DHA with the main bioactive structures from each family (see Box 1 and refs. 18,21 for details on biosynthetic mechanisms and stereochemical assignments of the bioactive products). Each SPM stimulates macrophage switching to M2 phenotype and is produced by human neutrophils, apoptotic PMN and macrophages13.