Table 4.

Relationship between baseline inflammatory markers^* and incidence of overt proteinuria^† and renal failure^‡ in African Americans with type 1 diabetes: Multivariate analysis

Baseline variables		Overt Proteinuria§		Renal Failure‖
		OR (95% CI) ¶	p#	OR (95% CI) ¶	p#
sICAM-1 (pg/mL)	Quartile		0.03**
	1st	1
	2nd	1.82 (0.64, 5.15)	0.26
	3rd	3.28 (1.21, 8.88)	0.02
	4th	4.72 (1.55, 14.41)	0.006
Eotaxin (pg/mL)	Quartile				0.007**
	1st			1
	2nd			3.01 (0.95, 9.50)	0.06
	3rd			2.87 (0.87, 9.43)	0.08
	4th			7.66 (2.38, 24.66)	0.001
Glycohemoglobin (per 1%)				1.19 (1.09, 1.31)	< 0.001
Proteinuria
Microalbuminuria vs normal		2.27 (1.12, 4.58)	0.02	4.59 (1.96, 10.73)	< 0.001
Overt vs normal		--		19.03 (7.27, 49.79)	< 0.001
MAP (per mm Hg)		1.58 (1.15, 2.17)	0.004
eGFR‡ (per mL/min)				0.98 (0.96, 0.99)	0.006
ACE (if used)				4.65 (1.30, 16.63)	0.02

^*See abbreviations in table 2;

^†albumin excretion rate (AER) >200 mcg/min;

^‡estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min, renal transplant, dialysis, or renal failure as cause of death;

^§baseline variables included in the model: age, age at diagnosis, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, presence of either heart disease or stroke, lower extremity arterial disease, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), AER (normal:<20 mcg/min, microalbuminuria: 20–200 mcg/min, overt proteinuria: > 200 mcg/min), eGFR, use of statin or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medication, and smoking; for overt proteinuria, only sICAM-1 was modeled;

^‖for renal failure, competed but not included in the model, were quartiles of sICAM-1 and TNF-α;

^¶odds ratio (95% confidence interval);

^#p value;

^**omnibus test. Blank cells indicate that p≥0.05.