Table 2.
Performance on the preliminary tests
| Controls (n = 32) | bv-FTD (n = 32) | AD (n = 32) | χ2KW | Between-group comparisons | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Digit Span (forward) | 6.78 (0.32) | 6.09 (0.35) | 5.91 (0.32) | 4.366 | NS |
| Digit Span (backward) | 4.19 (0.36) | 3.16 (0.32) | 2.84 (0.24) | 7.804 | p = .02a |
| Trail Making Test A (time, s) | 89.03 (7.48) | 143.78 (16.18) | 198.75 (14.50) | 26.937 | p < .001b |
| Trail Making Test B (time, s) | 213.81 (20.86) | 374.34 (34.22) | 544.97 (19.57) | 41.723 | p < .001b |
| Verbal Fluency (food) | 15.59 (0.82) | 11.84 (0.73) | 9.47 (0.58) | 26.893 | p < .001c |
| Verbal Fluency (animals) | 13.81 (0.88) | 9.59 (0.75) | 7.06 (0.51) | 34.712 | p < .001b |
| BVMT-R Copy | 11.66 (0.12) | 11.13 (0.40) | 9.44 (0.65) | 12.603 | p = .002d |
| BVMT-R Total IR | 16.53 (1.34) | 7.06 (1.14) | 2.91 (0.48) | 51.011 | p < .001e |
| BVMT-R Learning | 4.00 (0.42) | 1.63 (0.30) | 0.72 (0.21) | 33.226 | p < .001f |
| BVMT-R Total DR | 7.00 (0.57) | 3.03 (0.56) | 0.38 (0.16) | 57.924 | p < .001g |
| BVMT-R Retention (%) | 90.50 (2.72) | 63.44 (7.42) | 14.41 (5.13) | 42.339 | p < .001h |
Notes: bv-FTD=behavioral frontotemporal dementia; AD = Alzheimer's disease; BVMT-R = Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; IR = Immediate Recall; DR = Delayed Recall.
Data are expressed as mean (SEM).
Comparisons between Controls- bv-FTD, Controls-AD, and bv-FTD-AD patients were carried out by a Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA for k samples with pairwise comparisons.
aControls versus AD: p < .05.
bControls versus bv-FTD: p < .05; Controls versus AD: p < .001; bv-FTD versus AD: p < .05.
cControls versus bv-FTD: p < .05; Controls versus AD: p < .001; bv-FTD versus AD: NS.
dControls versus bv-FTD: NS; Controls versus AD: p < .05; bv-FTD versus AD: p < .05.
eControls versus bv-FTD: p < .001; Controls versus AD: p < .001; bv-FTD versus AD: p < .05.
fControls versus bv-FTD: p < .001; Controls versus AD: p < .001; bv-FTD versus AD: NS.
gControls versus bv-FTD: p < .001; Controls versus AD: p < .001; bv-FTD versus AD: p < .001.
hControls versus bv-FTD: NS; Controls versus AD: p < .001; bv-FTD versus AD: p < .001.
NS = not significant (p > .05).