TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of HIV-infected and HIV-exposed, uninfected infants in Tanzania1
| HIV-infected (n = 253) | HIV-exposed, uninfected (n = 948) | |
| Maternal characteristics | ||
| Maternal age, y | 29.0 ± 4.8 | 27.7 ± 5.0 |
| Education | ||
| None | 10 (4.0) | 69 (7.3) |
| 1–7 y | 198 (79.2) | 684 (72.7) |
| ≥8 y | 42 (16.8) | 188 (20.0) |
| Married/living with partner | 209 (82.6) | 821 (86.6) |
| Prior Pregnancies | ||
| None | 88 (34.8) | 233 (24.8) |
| 1–3 | 100 (39.5) | 638 (67.8) |
| ≥4 | 65 (25.7) | 70 (7.4) |
| Household asset score | ||
| 0–1 | 51 (20.5) | 333 (35.1) |
| 2–3 | 174 (69.9) | 373 (39.4) |
| ≥4 | 24 (9.6) | 242 (25.5) |
| Daily food expenditure per person <500 Tanzanian shillings | 138 (54.5) | 462 (48.7) |
| Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2) | 20 (7.9) | 42 (4.4) |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 11.4 ± 1.5 | 11.6 ± 1.3 |
| CD4 T-cell count | ||
| <200 cells/μL | 38 (17.6) | 63 (7.4) |
| 200–349 cells/μL | 61 (28.2) | 138 (16.3) |
| ≥350 cells/μL | 117 (54.2) | 646 (76.3) |
| Administered antiretrovirals during pregnancy | 53 (21.0) | 138 (14.6) |
| Child characteristics | ||
| Male | 127 (50.2) | 507 (53.5) |
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 34 (13.4) | 51 (5.4) |
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 201 (79.5) | 866 (91.4) |
| LAZ | −0.71 ± 1.48 | −0.26 ± 1.37 |
| WLZ | −0.50 ± 1.33 | −0.22 ± 1.27 |
| WAZ | −0.99 ± 1.27 | −0.43 ± 1.06 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 10.2 ± 1.5 | 10.6 ± 1.8 |
| Administered antiretrovirals | 76 (30.0) | N/A |
| Randomly assigned to multivitamin | 121 (47.8) | 472 (49.8) |
| Season of 25(OH)D measurement | ||
| Long rain (December–March) | 54 (21.3) | 216 (22.8) |
| Harvest (April–May) | 39 (15.4) | 118 (12.5) |
| Postharvest (June–August) | 113 (44.7) | 403 (42.5) |
| Short rain (September–November) | 47 (18.6) | 211 (22.2) |
| 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 18.6 ± 10.3 | 18.1 ± 9.2 |
1
Values are means ± SDs or n (%). LAZ, length-for-age z score; N/A, not applicable; WAZ, weight-for-age z score; WLZ, weight-for-length z score; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.