Table 1.
RTKs transactivation: role of metalloproteases.
| Cell Lines | Stimulus | GPRC | Metalloproteases | RTK | Biological Responses | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic cancer cells | EGF | Neuromedin B | MMP-9 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, cancer growth and metastatic spread | [24] |
| Isolated preovulatory ovarian follicles, Y1 adrenal cells | LH | LHRH | MMP-2–9 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, steroidogenesis | [31] |
| Gonadrotropic cells | GnRH | GnRHR | MMP-2–9 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, Src, Ras and ERKs activation | [32] |
| Mesenteric arteries | Phenylephrine | α1B-Adrenoreceptor | MMP-7 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, vasoconstriction, growth | [33] |
| Gastrics epithelial cells | Histamine | H2R | MMP-1 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, MAPK activation | [34] |
| Chondrocytes | Thrombin | PARs | MMP-13 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, PI3K/Akt pathway and AP1 activation | [35] |
| 18Co | LPA, TNF-α | LPA1 | MMP | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, MAPK phosphorylation, COX2 expression | [36] |
| Corneal epithelial cells | LPA | LPA1 | MMP | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, ERK-Akt activation, wound healing, proliferation | [37] |
| Cardiomyocytes | Ang II | AT1 | ADAM17 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, MAPK activation, angiogenesis | [42] |
| Kidney cancer cells, Bludder carcinoma cells, Caki2, A498, TccSup | LPA | LPA1 | ADAM10–15–17 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, MAPK activation, tumor cell migration and invasion, TGF-β shedding | [43] |
| SCC-9 | LPA, Carbachol | LPA, AChR | ADAM17 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, amphiregulin shedding, ERKs activation, PI3K/Akt activation, cell proliferation, migration | [44] |
| Neuroectodermal cells | Serotonin, Nor-epinephrine | 5-HT2B, α1D-Adrenoreceptor | ADAM17 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, NADPH oxidase activation | [46] |
| Astrocytoma cells | UTP | P2Y2R | ADAM10–17 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, amyloid precursor shedding | [47] |
| Colon cancer cells | Interleukin-8 | CXCR1, CXCR2 | ADAMs | EGFR | EGFR transactivation, MAPK activation, cell growth | [48] |
| CHO, EC-4 (TACE+/+) EC-2 (TACE ΔZn/ΔZn) | ATP | P2Y2R | ADAM17 | EGFR | EGFR transactivation | [49] |
18Co, Human colonic myofibroblasts; 5-HT2B, Serotonin receptor 2B; A498, Human kidney carcinoma cell line; AChR, Acetylcholine receptor; Ang II, Angiotensin II; AT1, Angiotensin II receptor type 1; ATP, Adenosine triphosphate; Caki2, Human renal carcinoma cells; CHO, Chinese hamster ovary cell line; CXCL12, Chemokine 12; CXCR1, Chemokine receptor type 1; CXCR2, Chemokine receptor type 2; CXCR4, Chemokine receptor type 4; EC-4 (TACE +/+) and EC-2 (TACE ΔZn/ΔZn), Mice fibroblasts cell lines; EGF, Epidermal growth factor; EGFR, Epidermal growth factor receptor; GnRH, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; GnRHR, Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; H2R, Histamine receptor; LH, Hormon luteinizant; LHRH, Luteinizing-hormone receptor; LPA, Lysophosphatidic acid; LPA1, Lysophosphatidic acid receptor type 1; N15C6, Human prostate epithelial cells; P2Y2R, Nucleotide receptor; PARs, Protease activated receptors; SCC-9, Human tongue epithelial carcinoma cells; TccSup, Human urinary bludder epithelial cells; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor; UTP, Uridine triphosphate.