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. 2014 Nov 4;15(11):20079–20100. doi: 10.3390/ijms151120079

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A) Western blots of active Rac1 and GAPDH (loading control) in endocardium (Endo) and epicardium (Epi) from animals after apocynin (APO) or oxypurinol (OXY) or no treatment with ischemia (control); Summary of active Rac1 levels in (B) endocardium and (C) epicardium from ischemic myocardium normalized to non-ischemic myocardium; and (D) the ratio of endocardial to epicardial Rac1 levels. Dogs pretreated with APO (n = 4) or OXY (n = 4) had reduced levels of active Rac1 compared to saline treated controls with ischemia (n = 12). * p < 0.05 vs. control.