Table 1.
Dysregulatd long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are associated with HCC.
| LncRNA | Dysregulation | Biological Functions in HCC | Molecular Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H19 | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Competitively bind to the let-7; interact with EZH2 and repress the expression of E-cadherin | [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] |
| HOTAIR | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Competitively bind to the miR-331-3p and depress the expression of HER2; interact with EZH2 and LSD1 | [27,28,52,53] |
| HOTTIP | Up-regulated | Promote proliferation of HCC cells | Interact with WDR5/MLL and drive the H3K4me3 | [29,30] |
| HULC | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Competitively bind to the miR-372 | [31,32,33] |
| KCNQ1OT1 | Up-regulated | Promote HCC progression | Interact with Ehmt2 and PRC2 complex and drive the H3K9 and H3K27 methylation | [34,54] |
| Linc-ROR | Up-regulated | Promote cell survival during hypoxic stress | Competitively bind to the miR-145 Competitively bind to | [37] |
| MALAT1 | Up-regulated | Promote invasion | miR-9 targets MALAT1 in the nucleus and regulates the MALAT1 in an AGO2-dependent manner; competitively bind to miR-125b | [38,39,55,56] |
| MEG3 | Down-regulated | HCC growth control | Interact with PRC2 complex | [41,42,57] |
| PCNA-AS1 | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Form RNA hybridization to increase PCNA mRNA stability | [43] |
| LncRNA-DREH | Down-regulated | Inhibit growth and metastasis | Interact with vimentin protein and repress its expression | [44] |
| LncRNA-HEIH | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Interact with EZH2 and repress the expression of p15, p16, p21, p57 | [45] |
| LncRNA-MVIH | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth, microvascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis | Interact with PGK1 and inhibit its secretion | [46] |
| LncRNA-LET | Down-regulated | Inhibit hypoxia-induced HCC cell invasion | Interact with NF90 protein and increases its degradation | [47] |
| LncRNA-ATB | Up-regulated | Induced by TGF-β and promotes EMT, HCC cell invasion and metastasis | Competitively bind to the miR-200 family; binding IL-11 mRNA | [48] |
| LncRNA-hPVT1 | Up-regulated | Promotes HCC growth | Interact with NOP2 protein and enhance its stability | [49] |
Abbreviations: HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; Ehmt2, histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2; EZH2, enhancer of zeste homolog 2; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases; IL-11, Interleukin 11; LDS1, lysine-specific demethylase 1; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MLL, mixed lineage leukemia; PGK1, phosphoglycerate kinase 1; PRC2, polycomb repressive complex 2; WDR5, WD repeat domain 5; ZAK, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase MLT.