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. 2014 Nov 13;15(11):20876–20899. doi: 10.3390/ijms151120876

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Figure 6

Effects of antioxidants, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (calphostin C; Calph) and a palmitoylation inhibitor (2-bromopalmitate; 2-BP) on PA-induced cell death. (A) SH-SY5Y cells were treated with antioxidants, including polyphenols and vitamin C, 1 h before treatment with 0.3 mM PA. The cell viability of different groups was normalized to the control group (no PA); (B) SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the PKC inhibitor, Calph, for 1 h before treatment with 0.3 mM PA and light activation. The final concentrations of Calph were 0.01~1 μM. Cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells was normalized to the control (0 μM Calph); (C) Cells were treated with the palmitoylation inhibitor, 2-BP, 1 h before treatment with 0.3 mM PA and then were incubated for 24 and 48 h. Cell viability was normalized to the control (0 mM 2-BP without PA treatment). Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA, followed by the LSD test, and are presented as the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 vs the control group (n = 3).