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. 2014 Apr 24;4(2):111–136. doi: 10.3390/bios4020111

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Examples of 3D patterned structures with future biosensing application. (a) inkjet printed vascular graft [145], (b) continuous flow printed structure [146], (c) laser patterned cell arrays in hydrogels [144], (d) skin graft fabricated with alternating cell layers [144], (e) laser patterned cell containing microbeads [124], (f) structure of 3D microbead based on an z-stack image of a rhodamine-containing microbead [124], and (g) z-stack image of 3D distribution of cells within an microbead [124] (Used with permission from Elsevier [145]; used with permission from John Wiley and Sons [146]; ©2013 IOP Publishing, reproduced with permission, all rights reserved [124], respectively).