Table 2.

Selected patterning biofabrication methods, performance, and some materials that have been patterned.

Patterning Technique	Technique mechanism	Resolution +++	Throughput +++	Printable materials library +++
Microcontact printing	Contact-based method, typically microstamp.	+++	++	++
Ink-jet printing	Droplet ejection from nozzle invovling thermal piezoelectric or pressure	+	+++	++
Matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation direct-write	Non-contact deposition via pulsed laser directly onto gel with cell suspension	+++	+	+++
Laser-induced forward transfer	Non-contact deposition via pulsed laser on sacrificial layer	+++	++	+++