Table 4. Screening characteristics of cytological diagnosis and p53 staining of capsule sponge specimens for diagnosis of ESD in the asymptomatic population in Golestan Province, Iran.

	Endoscopic examination
Cytological examination	ESD (all types)	High-grade ESD
ASC
Sensitivity (95% CI)	50% (29–71%)	100% (51–100%)
Specificity (95% CI)	99% (96–99%)	97% (94–98%)
PPV (95% CI)	69% (39–90%)	31% (10–61%)
NPV (95% CI)	97% (94–98%)	100% (98–100%)
Accuracy (95% CI)	96% (93–98%)	97% (94–99%)
ASC or ASCUS
Sensitivity (95% CI)	61% (39–80%)	100% (51–100%)
Specificity (95% CI)	92% (88–94%)	90% (86–93%)
PPV (95% CI)	31% (17–79%)	11% (4–28%)
NPV (95% CI)	97% (94–99%)	100% (98–100%)
Accuracy (95% CI)	90% (86–93%)	90% (86–93%)
P53 positivity
Sensitivity (95% CI)	22% (9–45%)	100% (51–100%)
Specificity (95% CI)	89% (85–92%)	89% (85–92%)
PPV (95% CI)	11% (4–28%)	11% (4–28%)
NPV (95% CI)	95% (91–97%)	100% (98–100%)
Accuracy (95% CI)	85% (80–89%)	89% (85–93%)
ASC and P53 positivity
Sensitivity (95% CI)	22% (9–45%)	100% (51–100%)
Specificity (95% CI)	100% (99–100%)	100% (99–100%)
PPV (95% CI)	100% (51–100%)	100% (51–100%)
NPV (95% CI)	95% (92–97%)	100% (99–100%)
Accuracy (95% CI)	95% (92–97%)	100% (99–100%)

Abbreviations: ASC=atypical squamous cells; ASCUS=atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance; CI=confidence interval; ESD=oesophageal squamous dysplasia; NPV=negative predictive value; PPV=positive predictive value.