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. 2014 Nov 6;111(12):2275–2286. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2014.529

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Gossypol in combination with TMZ reduces tumour burden, inhibits angiogenesis and GBM cell proliferation and enhances apoptosis in vivo. (A) Drug combination treatment, BLI and Caliper measurements time points are presented. (B) Tumour volume and (C) tumour bioluminescence of each mouse was assessed at different time points. Mean tumour volumes±s.e.m. (vehicle-treated (n=6), gossypol 30 mg kg−1-treated (n=8), TMZ 7.5 mg kg−1-treated (n=6), combination gossypol/TMZ-treated (n=8) groups) are shown over time (B). Representative bioluminescent images from second week of treatment are shown for each treatment group (C). (D) Incidence of animals (percentage of treatment cohorts) with or without necrotic lesions is shown in bar graph. (E) Representative images of H&E, anti-Ki67, TUNEL and anti-PECAM-1/CD31 stained xenograft sections treated with either vehicle, gossypol, TMZ or combination are shown. Scale bars=50 μm ( × 400 magnification, H&E), 100 μm ( × 200 magnification, Ki67, TUNEL, PECAM-1/CD31). (F) Proliferation index (%), (G) TUNEL-positive cells (%) and (H) microvessel density (MVD) are shown. Error bars represent mean±s.e.m. (vehicle-treated (n=3), gossypol 30 mg kg−1-treated (n=3), TMZ 7.5 mg kg−1-treated (n=3), combination gossypol/TMZ-treated (n=5) tumours); quantifications from five randomly chosen field of views per tumour (F–H). *P<0.05 compared with vehicle, #P<0.05 compared with TMZ 7.5 mg/kg, ##P<0.05 compared with gossypol 30 mg/kg (linear mixed model and ANOVA, post-hoc Tukey).