Table 1.

Characteristics of Subjects in the Pre-Post Group by Treatment Type

Water Treatment Groups	POE	POU	Comparison
General
Subjects Per Water Treatment Group (n)	16	8	5
Families Per Water Treatment Group (n)	8	4	5
Race (% Caucasian)	100	100	80
Sex (% Male)	63	50	100
Age in Years, (Mean ± SE)	31 ± 5 ^*^†	61 ± 3 ^*	54 ± 4
Children < 18 Years Old (%)	38	0	0
Weight in kg, (Mean ± SD)	58 ± 8 ^†	70 ± 5	83 ± 7
Any Tobacco Use During Study (%)	6	0	0
Prior Water Ingestion Exposure (Mean ± SE)
Well Water As (μg/L)	40 ± 8 ^†	45 ± 7 ^†	1.1 ± 0.5
As Water Ingestion Reported (L/d)	0.7 ± 0.1 ^*	1.5 ± 0.4 ^*	1.3 ± 0.6
Years of Exposure	6.8 ± 1.2 ^*	27.0 ± 6.1 ^*^†	7 ± 5
Cumulative As Ingestion Dose (mg)	65 ± 19 ^*^†	482 ± 122 ^*^†	3 ± 2
Ingestion Dose per Body Weight (mg/kg)	1.3 ± 0.5 ^*^†	7.0 ± 1.8 ^*^†	0.05 ± 0.03
Dermal Exposure (Mean ± SE)
Showers per Week at Home	5.1 ± 0.7	6.4 ± 0.6	6.6 ± 0.5
Baths in per Week at Home	0.8 ± 0.4	0.03 ± 0.03	0 ± 0
Teeth Brushing per Week at Home	10.8 ± 1.1 ^†	14.0 ± 1.3	14.4 ± 0.4
Pool Use per Week During Season	0.4 ± 0.3	0.4 ± 0.3	1.9 ± 1.4
Dietary Exposure (Mean ± SE)
Seafood and Fish Meals per Week	1.1 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.4
Mushrooms with Meals per Week	0.5 ± 0.3	0.3 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.1
Rice with Meals per Week	1.5 ± 0.2 ^*	0.5 ± 0.2 ^*	2.0 ± 1.3
Poultry with Meals per Week	2.6 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 0.4	2.8 ± 0.6
Urine Biomonitoring (Mean ± SE)
Creatinine (g/L)	1.6 ± 0.1	1.5 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.2
Arsenic in Urine (Geometric Mean ± SE)
Initial Inorganic-Related As (μg/g creatinine)	9.0 ± 1.9 ^†^#	14.8 ± 4.8 ^†^#	1.5 ± 0.4
Inorganic-Related As at Nine-Months (μg/g creatinine)	3.4 ± 0.5 ^†^#	2.8 ± 1.4 ^#
Inorganic-Related As Reduction (Mean μg/g creatinine)	7.3 ± 2.1	13.8 ± 4.9
ANCOVA Adjusted As in Urine^a (Est. Mean ± SE)
Inorganic-Related As at Nine-Months (μg/g creatinine)	2.6 ± 0.7 ^*	7.0 ± 1.2 ^*
GEE Adjusted As in Urine^a (Estimated Mean ± SE)
Inorganic-Related As at Nine-Months (μg/g creatinine)	2.5 ± 0.6 ^*	7.2 ± 0.8 ^*
Inorganic-Related As Reduction (μg/g creatinine)	10.2 ± 0.4 ^*	8.1 ± 0.9 ^*

p < 0.05, significant difference between POE and POU.

^†

p < 0.05, significant difference from Control.

p < 0.05, significant difference within group between initial and final concentration.

Inorganic-related arsenic in final urine adjusted for propensity score and family correlation in GEE.

Comparison subjects provided only one urine sample.