Table 2.

Methodologic Assessment for All Included Studies

Study	Critical Appraisal Skills Program Score: Methodologic Assessment
Ichiba and Kishimoto,12 2009	9: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, outcome not accurately measured to minimize bias, results cannot be applied to general population
Ferretti et al,26 1991	8: Exposure not accurately measured to minimize bias, confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population, results do not fit with other available evidence
Sajovic et al,52 2006	11: Results cannot be applied to general population
Keays et al,45 2007	8: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, outcome not accurately measured to reduce bias, results are not precise, results cannot be applied to general population
Liden et al,30 2008	8: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, exposure not accurately measured to minimize bias, confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population
Ahlden et al,39 2009	9: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, confounding factors not identified, confounding factors not accounted for
Roe et al,50 2005	10: Results cannot be applied to general population, confounding factors not identified
Hart et al,27 2005	8: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population, results do not fit with other evidence
Mueffels et al,40 2009	9: Confounding factors not identified, cohort not recruited in acceptable way, results cannot be applied to general population
Holm et al,43 2010	9: Confounding factors not identified, cohort not recruited in acceptable way, results cannot be applied to general population
Sutherland et al,38 2010	10: Confounding factors not accounted for, results not applied to general population
Hoffelner et al,42 2012	9: Confounding factors not identified, cohort not recruited in acceptable way, results cannot be applied to general population
van der Hart et al,49 2008	11: Confounding factors not accounted for
Hertel et al,41 2005	9: Confounding factors not identified, cohort not recruited in acceptable way, results cannot be applied to general population
Seon et al,33 2006	9: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population
Kessler et al,11 2008	8: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way (ie, body mass index), no blinding, confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population
Lebel et al,32 2008	7: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, confounding factors not identified, results not precise, results not believable, results do not fit with other evidence
Sajovic et al,51 2011	11: Results cannot be applied to general population
Cohen et al,15 2007	9: No control comparison, no definite data to support conclusions, results cannot be applied to general population
Segawa et al,13 2001	9: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, confounding factors not identified, high dropout rate
Lohmander et al,14 2004	10: Exposure not accurately measured, results cannot be applied to general population
Oiestad et al,34 2011	10: Confounding factors not accounted for, results cannot be applied to general population
Murray et al,53 2012	9: Confounding factors not identified, cohort not recruited in acceptable way, results cannot be applied to general population
Salmon et al,47 2006	11: Confounding factors not accounted for
Struewer et al,6 2012	10: Confounding factors not accounted for, results cannot be applied to general population
Meunier et al,16 2007	8: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, outcome not accurately measured to minimize bias, confounding factors not accounted for
Neuman et al,17 2008	9: Results are not precise, cannot be applied to general population, results are not believable
Oiestad et al,35 2010	11: Confounding factors not accounted for
Oiestad et al,36 2010	10: Confounding factors not accounted for, results cannot be applied to general population
Hui et al,44 2011	9: Confounding factors not identified, cohort not recruited in acceptable way, results cannot be applied to general population
Streich et al,28 2011	10: Results are not precise, cannot be applied to general population
Bourke et al,37 2012	11: Confounding factors not accounted for
Drogset et al,46 2006	10: Results do not fit with other available evidence, results cannot be applied to general population
Selmi et al,31 2006	10: Confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population
Mihelic et al,29 2011	7: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, confounding factors not identified, results not precise, results not believable
Ventura et al,21 2010	9: Confounding factors not identified, outcome not accurately measured to reduce bias, results cannot be applied to general population
Strand et al,48 2005	9: Results do not fit with other available evidence, results cannot be applied to general population, confounding factors not accounted for
Nebelung et al,22 2005	7: Cohort not recruited in acceptable way, outcome was not measured correctly to minimize bias, confounding factors not identified, results cannot be applied to general population, results do not fit with other evidence