Table 1. Characteristics of eligible studies.

	Author year	Study design	Site	Age (Year)	No. of cases	No. of cohort/control	Adjusted/Matched factors	Gender (Percent)	Exposure Definition
	Notani PN, et al 1987 [16]	Hospital/Population based Case—control	India	<40∼>60	80	Hospital 215; Population 177	Age and tobacco habits	M (100%)	2,>2 cups/day vs. <2 cups/day
	Pintos J, et al 1994 [17]	Hospital based Case—control	Brazil	<54∼>75	97	756	Tobacco, alcohol, income, rural residency, 10 dietary variables and consumption of other nonalcohol beverages	M (90.74%)	3, Never, ≤1 cup/d, ≥2 cups/d,
Tea	Ren JS, et al 2010 [18]	Population based Cohort	USA	50–71	179	484385	age, sex, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, education, ethnicity, usual physical activity throughout the day, vigorous physical activity and the daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, white meat and calories	M (59.97%)	5, None, <1 cup/M, 1–3 cups/M 1–6 cups/W, ≥1 cup/d
	Galeone C, et al 2010 [19]	Case—control	Europe and USA	18–80	1178	8931	age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, study, cigarette smoking (pack-years), duration of cigar smoking, duration of pipe smoking, alcohol intake, weight, and vegetable and fruit intake.	M (76%)	3, Never,≤1 cup/d,>1 cup/d
	La Vecchia C, et al 1992 [20]	Population based Case—control	Italy	<85	149	6,147	age, sex, area of residence, education, smoking, and coffee consumption	NA	2, Nondrinker, drinker
	Kapil U, et al 2005 [21]	Hospital based Case—control	India	41–80	305	305	NA	M (91.80%)	2, Nondrinker, drinker
	Vassileiou A, et al 2012 [22]	Hospital based Case—control	Greece	<80	70	70	Age, sex	NA	2, Nondrinker, drinker
	Zvrko E, et al 2008 [23]	Hospital based Case—control	Montenegro	35–85	108	108	Age, sex, residence, alcohol, smoking and other risk factors not reported	M (86%)	3 Never,>2 cups/d, >5 cups/d
	La Vecchia C, et al 1990 [24]	Hospital based Case—control	Italy	<45∼74	110	843	Age	M	3, Low, intermediate, high
Coffee	Pintos J, et al 1994 [17]	Hospital based Case—control	Brizil	<54∼>75	97	756	Tobacco, alcohol, income, rural residency, 10 dietary variables and consumption of other non alcohol beverages	M (90.74%)	4, ≤1 cups/d, 1–2 cups/d, 2–3 cups/d, ≥4 cups/d
	Ren JS, et al 2010 [18]	Population based Cohort	USA	50–71	179	484385	Age, sex, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, education, ethnicity, usual physical activity throughout the day, vigorous physical activity and the daily intake of fruit, vegetables, red meat, white meat and calories	M (59.97%)	None, <1 cup/M, 1–3 cups/M 1–6 cups/W, ≥1 cup/d
	Galeone C, et al 2010 [19]	Case—control	Europe and USA	18–80	1178	8931	age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, study, cigarette smoking (pack-years), duration of cigar smoking, duration of pipe smoking, alcohol intake, weight, and vegetable and fruit intake.	M (76%)	,3 Never,≤1,>1
Tea+ Coffee	Bosetti C, et al 2002 [25]	Hospital based Case—control	Italy and Switzerland	30–79	527	1297	Age, sex, center, education, smoking, alcohol, nonalcoholic energy	M (83.88%)	2, Nondrinker, drinker

NA: not available; BMI: body-mass index; M: male; m: month; w: week; d: day.