Effect of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb) on IgE-mediated airway remodellling at the seventh challenge. Anti-IgE mAb was intraperitoneally administered on day 7 [OE-1 (7th) + anti-IgE mAb]. Negative and positive controls were non-sensitized–challenged [NS-C (7th)] and OE-1-sensitized, rat IgG1 mAb-treated [OE-1 (7th) + rat IgG1] mice, respectively. (a–c) Effect of anti-IgE mAb on inflammation (haematoxylin & eosin), goblet cell hyperplasia (periodic acid Schiff), and sub-epithelial fibrosis (Masson's trichrome) at the seventh challenge. Scale bar, 100 μm. Histological appearances were scored as measures of inflammation (a (iv)), goblet cell hyperplasia (b (iv)), and sub-epithelial fibrosis (c (iv)). Each value is the mean ± SEM of four to seven animals from two separate experiments. *P < 0·05 compared with OE-1 (7th) + rat IgG1 group.