Table 1.
Characteristics of study population at baseline and before end of follow-up (N = 218 805)
| At Baseline | Before end of follow-up | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | Men | Women | |
| Median (interquartile range) time in study, years* | 3.9 (1.7–6.1) | 4.0 (1.7–7.1) | ||
| Median (interquartile range) age, years | 70 (65–76) | 72 (66–79) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Bangladeshi | 85 (0.8) | 60 (0.1) | ||
| Black African | 125 (0.1) | 127 (0.1) | ||
| Black Caribbean | 477 (0.4) | 519 (0.5) | ||
| Black Other | 88 (0.1) | 83 (0.1) | ||
| Chinese | 86 (0.1) | 85 (0.1) | ||
| Indian | 836 (0.8) | 725 (0.7) | ||
| Mixed | 89 (0.1) | 99 (0.1) | ||
| Other Asian | 216 (0.2) | 169 (0.2) | ||
| Pakistani | 270 (0.2) | 219 (0.2) | ||
| White | 44 400 (40.1) | 43 524 (0.3) | ||
| Other | 446 (0.4) | 433 (0.4) | ||
| Missing or unknown | 63 617 (57.4) | 62 027 (57.4) | ||
| Socio-economic status: index of multiple deprivation quintile, n (%) | ||||
| 1 (least deprived) | 12 105 (10.9) | 10 485 (9.7) | ||
| 2 | 14 037 (12.7) | 12 831 (11.9) | ||
| 3 | 12 290 (11.1) | 11 893 (11.0) | ||
| 4 | 11 595 (10.5) | 12 273 (11.4) | ||
| 5 (most deprived) | 8626 (7.8) | 9494 (8.8) | ||
| Not available | 52 082 (47.0) | 51 094 (47.3) | ||
| BMI, n (%) | ||||
| <18.5 kg/m2 | 619 (0.6) | 1741 (1.6) | ||
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 | 22 140 (20.0) | 22 691 (21.2) | ||
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 | 47 111 (42.5) | 34 086 (31.5) | ||
| 30–34.9 kg/m2 | 26 076 (23.5) | 24 279 (22.5) | ||
| ≥35 kg/m2 | 9628 (8.7) | 16 505 (15.3) | ||
| Missing | 5161 (4.7) | 8768 (8.1) | ||
| Smoking status, n (%) | ||||
| Non-smoker | 28 844 (26.1) | 54 759 (50.7) | ||
| Current | 16 380 (14.8) | 12 812 (11.9) | ||
| Previous | 63 764 (57.6) | 37 650 (34.8) | ||
| Missing | 1747 (1.6) | 2849 (2.6) | ||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 43 927 (39.7) | 34 979 (32.4) | 55 539 (50.2) | 46 439 (43.0) |
| Chronic lung disease | 9258 (8.4) | 7112 (6.6) | 14 524 (13.1) | 10 939 (10.1) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 9963 (9.0) | 5609 (5.2) | 16 195 (14.6) | 9488 (8.8) |
| Vaccinations, n (%) | ||||
| Pneumococcal: ever | 55 641 (50.2) | 51 103 (47.3) | 87 418 (78.9) | 80 532 (74.5) |
| Influenza: < 3 years before study entry | 83 479 (75.4) | 80 288 (74.3) | 100 296 (90.6) | 95 688 (88.5) |
| Antidiabetes medications, n (%) | ||||
| Insulin only | 4260 (3.8) | 4049 (3.7) | 4242 (3.8) | 3897 (3.6) |
| Oral medication only | 41 268 (37.3) | 37 806 (35.0) | 59 249 (53.5) | 55 255 (51.1) |
| Both insulin and oral medication | 6529 (5.9) | 6082 (5.6) | 15 924 (14.4) | 14 491 (13.4) |
| None recorded | 58 678 (53.0) | 60 133 (55.6) | 31 320 (28.3) | 34 427 (31.9) |
| Total | 110 735 | 108 070 | ||
* Time in study includes person-time as a hospital inpatient or during an infection, which was excluded from time at risk of community-acquired infection.