Table 4.
Sleep parameter measurement
| Sleep continuity | L-PANSS (n=8) | H-PANSS (n=9) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Awakening time | 7.0 ± 0.9 | 7.2 ± 0.4 | 0.673 |
| Bed time | 22.7 ± 1.8 | 20.9 ± 1.6 | 0.052 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 84.0 ± 12.0 | 63.0 ± 28.3 | 0.071 |
| Sleep latency | 30.9 ± 20.2 | 24.3 ± 19.4 | 0.505 |
| Total sleep time | 7.5 ± 0.7 | 8.4 ± 1.1 | 0.067 |
| Sleep questionnaires | |||
| Epworth Sleepness Scale | 9.0 ± 5.2 | 8.0 ± 4.0 | 0.663 |
| Insomnia Severity Index | 9.1 ± 3.7 | 8.3 ± 3.2 | 0.646 |
| Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale | 32.9 ± 16.6 | 26.4 ± 11.5 | 0.363 |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | 13.8 ± 7.1 | 14.3 ± 7.5 | 0.872 |
| Sleep architecture | |||
| NREM S1 (%) | 12.5 ± 14.6 | 29.3 ± 3.5 | 0.190 |
| NREM S2 (%) | 62.8 ± 19.0 | 47.0 ± 21.3 | 0.129 |
| NREM S3 + 4 (%) | 8.0 ± 9.1 | 1.1 ± 2.9 | 0.047* |
| REM sleep (%) | 16.6 ± 5.5 | 22.7 ± 16.6 | 0.337 |
| Sleep obstruction parameters | |||
| Apnea-hypopnea index | 6.2 ± 8.8 | 8.8 ± 9.4 | 0.560 |
| Mean SpO2 (%) | 96.6 ± 1.5 | 95.0 ± 1.5 | 0.046* |
| ALM (events/hour) | 8.8 ± 8.1 | 19.4 ± 19.0 | 0.164 |
| Leg movement | 53.1 ± 109.2 | 11.6 ± 34.7 | 0.295 |
All data were expressed as mean value ± standard deviation.
Low-PANSS (L-PANSS) group included schizophrenics with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score below 65 (median of PANSS total scores of all 17 subjects); High-PANSS (H-PANSS) group included those with PANSS total scores 65 or higher. NREM: non-rapid eye movement, REM: rapid eye movement, SpO2: saturation of peripheral oxygen, ALM: arousal and limb movement. NREM S3 + 4 (SWS) in the H-PANSS group was lower. Intergroup NREM S1, S2 and REM sleep were similar (Table 4). Mean SpO2 in the H-PANSS group was lower. Apnea-hypopnea index, Arousal and Limb Movement, and leg movement between groups were similar (Table 4).
*:P<0.05 and **:P<0.01, significance between groups.