Table 1.

Clinical characteristics

	Controls n=95	MetS−I n=106	MetS+I n=66	T2DM n=68
Age, years	56.5±7.4	56.8±5.2	57.5±5.5	56.8±5.3
Current smoking, n (%)	17 (18)‡	29 (27)	26 (39)*§	11 (16)‡
Family history of CVD, n (%)	19 (20)	21 (20)	14 (21)	13 (19)
Statin use, n (%)	8 (8)§	8 (8)§	4 (6)§	32 (47)*†‡
Waist circumference, cm	103±9	105±10	107± 9	104±10
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	133±18†‡	146±20*§	145±18*§	130±12†‡
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	82±12†‡	88±10*§	87±11*	82±8†
Glucose, mmol/L	5.14±0.47†‡§	5.79±0.82*§	5.80±0.86*§	8.44±1.92*†‡
Free fatty acids, mmol/L	0.62 (0.47–0.79)	0.58 (0.43–0.73)	0.58 (0.44–0.75)	0.58 (0.45–0.75)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	5.63±0.98§	5.59±1.01§	5.57±1.11§	4.66±0.93*†‡
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L	1.24 (1.11–1.41)†‡§	1.02 (0.89–1.22)*	1.02 (0.85–1.19)*	1.11 (0.93–1.39)*
Triglycerides, mmol/L	1.09 (0.84–1.38)†‡§	1.82 (1.31–2.45)*	1.83 (1.15–2.40)*	1.50 (0.90–2.20)*
CRP, mg/L	1.43 (0.76–2.85)‡§	1.96 (0.92–2.37)‡§	5.55 (4.11–8.02)*†§	3.60 (2.43–5.95)*†‡
ANGPTL4, ng/mL	3.7 (2.8–5.2)†‡§	4.6 (3.3–6.5)*‡§	6.0 (3.8–7.7)*†	6.4 (5.2–8.2)*†

Values represent mean±SD or median (interquartile range) unless indicated otherwise.

Significant as compared with *healthy controls, †MetS−I, ‡MetS+I, §T2DM (p<0.05).

ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; CRP, C reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; MetS−I, metabolic syndrome without inflammation; MetS+I, metabolic syndrome with inflammation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.