Table 1.
Emission Factors in g kg−1 dry matter of greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants emitted from vegetation fires and coal burning (data elaborated from Andreae & Merlet 2001)
| Chemical species | Savannah and grassland | Tropical forest | Extra-tropical forest | Agricultural residues | Charcoal burning |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greenhouse gases | |||||
| CO2 | 1613 ± 95 | 1580 ± 90 | 1569 ± 131 | 1515 ± 177 | 2611 ± 241 |
| CH4 | 2.3 ± 0.9 | 6.8 ± 2.0 | 4.7 ± 1.9 | 2.7 | 6.2 ± 3.3 |
| N2O | 0.21 ± 0.10 | −0.2 | 0.26 ± 0.07 | 0.07 | (0.2) |
| Air pollutants | |||||
| CO | 65 ± 20 | 104 ± 20 | 107 ± 37 | 92 ± 84 | 200 ± 38 |
| NOx as NO | 3.9 ± 2.4 | 1.6 ± 0.7 | 3.0 ± 1.4 | 2.5 ± 1.0 | 3.9 |
| SO2 | 0.35 ± 0.16 | 0.57 ± 0.23 | 1 | (0.4) | 0.4 |
| VOC | 3.4 ± 1.0 | 8.1 ± 3.0 | 5.7 ± 4.6 | (7) | 2.7 ± 1.9 |
| Total particulate matter | 8.3 ± 3.2 | 6.5–10.5 | 17.6 ± 6.4 | 13 | (12) |
| PM2.5 | 5.4 ± 1.5 | 9.1 ± 1.5 | 13.0 ± 7.0 | 3.9 | (9) |
| Total carbon | 3.7 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.5 | 6.1–10.4 | 4.0 | 6.3 |
| Organic carbon | 3.4 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.5 | 8.6–9.7 | 3.3 | 4.8 |
| Black carbon | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 0.66 ± 0.31 | 0.56 ± 0.19 | 0.69 ± 0.13 | 1.5 |
| Other gases | |||||
| NH3 | 0.6–1.5 | (1.3) | 1.4 ± 0.8 | (1.3) | (1.3) |
| HCN | 0.025–0.031 | (0.15) | (0.15) | (0.15) | (0.15) |
Data in brackets are best guesses.
HCN, hydrogen cyanide; VOC, volatile organic compound.