Table 2.

Summary statistics showing treatment effects (mean and SD) on multi-tasking measures

		Baseline		Post-treatment		Change from baseline
		Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
Multi-tasking scorea	Placebo	8596	2756	9228	3006	632	1003
	25 g glucose	8859	2436	9848	2538	989	1195
	60 g glucose	8754	2654	9422	2528	668	1179
	Caffeine–glucose	9530	2277	10 999	2470	1469	1538
Mathematical reasoning score	Placebo	484	289	530	315	63	117
	25 g glucose	369	150	377	168	8	101
	60 g glucose	434	334	485	346	52	162
	Caffeine–glucose	374	215	403	250	29	102
Maths correct (number)	Placebo	53	28	57	31	6	11
	25 g glucose	41	15	41	17	0	9
	60 g glucose	51	27	55	28	5	16
	Caffeine–glucose	42	20	45	23	3	10
Maths errors (number)	Placebo	4	4	4	4	0	3
	25 g glucose	4	4	4	2	0	4
	60 g glucose	7	13	7	14	−1	4
	Caffeine–glucose	5	7	5	9	0	2
Maths speeda (ms)	Placebo	6047	3489	5208	2627	−505	902
	25 g glucose	5537	1471	5266	1871	−387	1256
	60 g glucose	4762	1851	4558	1711	−39	751
	Caffeine–glucose	5512	2206	4712	1781	−927	1270
Stroop score	Placebo	3431	1248	3588	1439	157	627
	25 g glucose	3730	1328	4182	1362	353	798
	60 g glucose	3235	1154	3542	1187	307	813
	Caffeine–glucose	3561	1144	3975	1207	414	875
Stroop error (number)	Placebo	1	2	2	3	1	3
	25 g glucose	2	2	3	3	1	3
	60 g glucose	3	5	4	5	1	3
	Caffeine–glucose	2	2	3	5	0	2
Stroop speedb (ms)	Placebo	1961	1462	1869	1624	−135	238
	25 g glucose	1700	539	1587	566	−86	228
	60 g glucose	1715	1054	1647	1050	−68	253
	Caffeine–glucose	1761	770	1515	599	−218	278
Stroop misses (number)	Placebo	27	13	27	14	0	4
	25 g glucose	26	11	25	12	−1	7
	60 g glucose	30	12	29	13	−1	6
	Caffeine–glucose	26	12	27	12	1	5
Tracking score	Placebo	429	59	415	80	−14	86
	25 g glucose	378	130	288	533	−5	74
	60 g glucose	358	183	378	99	−11	108
	Caffeine–glucose	384	129	362	166	−21	102
Tracking timeouts (number)	Placebo	36	41	46	66	2	48
	25 g glucose	71	94	151	493	1	55
	60 g glucose	87	152	65	67	6	77
	Caffeine–glucose	64	79	76	103	11	75
Working memory score	Placebo	4383	1863	5002	1989	619	1157
	25 g glucose	4728	1863	5017	1843	289	1092
	60 g glucose	5212	2037	6260	2451	845	1344
	Caffeine–glucose	4639	2006	5232	2280	515	1142
Working memory responses (number)	Placebo	504	232	559	264	43	93
	25 g glucose	518	217	590	228	71	121
	60 g glucose	556	198	590	215	34	129
	Caffeine–glucose	595	221	713	273	96	134
Working memory errors (number)	Placebo	20	28	26	39	4	10
	25 g glucose	21	24	27	30	6	13
	60 g glucose	23	22	26	29	1	12
	Caffeine–glucose	18	16	27	22	9	15
Working memory timeouts (number)	Placebo	38	15	36	15	−1	7
	25 g glucose	38	12	35	16	−3	8
	60 g glucose	37	12	36	14	−1	6
	Caffeine–glucose	36	12	33	14	−3	8
Working memory speed (ms)	Placebo	1695	1747	1600	1706	−49	207
	25 g glucose	1366	661	1229	517	−100	306
	60 g glucose	1388	1199	1256	797	−37	197
	Caffeine–glucose	1251	669	1109	618	−143	212
Working memory list retrieves (number)	Placebo	3	8	3	8	0	1
	25 g glucose	2	2	1	1	0	1
	60 g glucose	1	1	1	1	0	1
	Caffeine–glucose	2	3	1	2	−1	1

Means with SDs are shown.

^aSignificant main effect.

^bTrend towards a main effect of treatment on change-from-baseline scores.