Table 3.
Intervention Data
| HFHS-S | HFHS-F | HS-S | HS-F | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End diet | P | Baseline | End diet | P | Baseline | End diet | P | Baseline | End diet | P | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.2 ± 1.0 | 22.8 ± 1.1 | 0.016 | 22.5 ± 1.5 | 23.4 ± 1.3 | 0.001 | 21.9 ± 1.1 | 22.7 ± 1.1 | <0.001 | 22.6 ± 1.8 | 23.1 ± 2.2 | 0.070 |
| REE (kCal/day) | 1898 ± 187 | 1946 ± 115 | 0.442 | 1948 ± 157 | 1985 ± 123 | 0.273 | 1794 ± 167 | 1892 ± 245 | 0.175 | 1925 ± 140 | 1904 ± 145 | 0.774 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 0.935 | 4.7 ± 0.2 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 0.644 | 4.7 ± 0.1 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 0.516 | 4.9 ± 0.2 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 0.685 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 41 ± 8 | 48 ± 15 | 0.398 | 55 ± 22 | 60 ± 20 | 0.207 | 36 ± 11 | 48 ± 13 | 0.028 | 55 ± 28 | 53 ± 15 | 0.889 |
| Fasting cortisol (nmol/L) | 346 ± 195 | 281 ± 81 | 0.575 | 247 ± 81 | 281 ± 115 | 0.575 | 186 ± 46 | 196 ± 73 | 0.612 | 347 ± 150 | 274 ± 164 | 0.161 |
| Fasting glucagon (ng/L) | 68.6 ± 20.8 | 58.6 ± 13.8 | 0.401 | 74.1 ± 16.0 | 78.0 ± 17.6 | 0.496 | 67.2 ± 10.3 | 78.6 ± 20.0 | 0.248 | 70.8 ± 18.6 | 62.9 ± 16.1 | 0.779 |
| Fasting leptin (ng/ml) | 2.9 ± 1.5 | 3.7 ± 1.9 | 0.030 | 3.3 ± 1.4 | 5.0 ± 2.6 | 0.028 | 1.9 ± 0.2 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 0.028 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 0.075 |
| Fasting triglyceride (mmol/L) | 0.69 ± 0.45 | 0.78 ± 0.35 | 0.647 | 0.56 ± 0.21 | 0.84 ± 0.32 | 0.012 | 0.66 ± 0.24 | 0.83 ± 0.40 | 0.176 | 0.68 ± 0.35 | 0.85 ± 0.38 | 0.233 |
| Fasting FFA (mmol/L) | 0.35 ± 0.11 | 0.37 ± 0.10 | 0.574 | 0.54 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.11 | 0.208 | 0.48 ± 0.18 | 0.31 ± 0.17 | 0.108 | 0.65 ± 0.28 | 0.45 ± 0.26 | 0.093 |
| Basal EGP (μmol/kg.min) | 12.1 ± 0.8 | 12.1 ± 1.7 | 0.899 | 11.7 ± 1.0 | 11.9 ± 1.1 | 0.610 | 11.8 ± 1.2 | 11.8 ± 1.0 | 0.964 | 11.9 ± 1.1 | 12.2 ± 1.4 | 0.341 |
| Suppression of EGP (%) | 72.7 ± 5.9 | 78.9 ± 5.7 | 0.166 | 84.6 ± 10.9 | 75.2 ± 7.2 | 0.083 | 80.2 ± 7.8 | 75.3± 7.3 | 0.248 | 71.9 ± 15.3 | 73.3 ± 6.7 | 0.527 |
| Rd (μmol/kg.min) | 67.3 ± 7.2 | 65.7 ± 8.1 | 1.000 | 65.3 ± 11.8 | 65.1 ± 9.6 | 0.779 | 62.4 ± 10.9 | 59.7 ± 9.1 | 0.310 | 57.3 ± 5.9 | 54.9 ± 7.7 | 0.263 |
| Step 1 Plasma Insulin (pmol/L) | 128 ± 25 | 144 ± 46 | 0.122 | 160 ± 40 | 169 ± 38 | 0.342 | 146 ± 32 | 142 ± 35 | 0.629 | 134 ± 35 | 150 ± 43 | 0.238 |
| Step 2 Plasma Insulin (pmol/L) | 424 ± 79 | 445 ± 102 | 0.349 | 522 ± 103 | 489 ± 73 | 0.262 | 468 ± 91 | 445 ± 107 | 0.359 | 445 ± 81 | 492 ± 95 | 0.184 |
| Step 1 FFA suppression (%) | 90.2 ± 7.8 | 90.2 ± 5.8 | 0.889 | 92.1 ± 6.3 | 87.5 ± 6.7 | 0.036 | 95.0 ± 2.8 | 89.5 ± 8.1 | 0.128 | 92.8 ± 3.7 | 91.6 ± 5.7 | 0.735 |
| Step 2 FFA suppression (%) | 97.8 ± 3.2 | 95.7 ± 4.3 | 0.465 | 96.1 ± 4.0 | 96.1 ± 3.4 | 0.463 | 98.3 ± 3.1 | 98.7 ± 3.6 | 0.655 | 98.9 ± 2.1 | 98.2 ± 3.1 | 0.686 |
| Intra-abdominal adipose tissue (liter) | 0.45 ± 0.09 | 0.45 ± 0.06 | 0.907 | 0.53 ± 0.20 | 0.59 ± 0.19 | 0.004 | 0.39 ± 0.14 | 0.44 ± 0.10 | 0.303 | 0.50 ± 0.14 | 0.55 ± 0.16 | 0.051 |
| Subcutaneous adipose tissue (liter) | 0.25 ± 0.06 | 0.23 ± 0.06 | 0.393 | 0.29 ± 0.14 | 0.33 ± 0.14 | 0.007 | 0.19 ± 0.07 | 0.22 ± 0.06 | 0.151 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.29 ± 0.09 | 0.020 |
| Visceral adipose tissue (liter) | 0.20 ± 0.06 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.177 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.26 ± 0.08 | 0.074 | 0.22 ± 0.12 | 0.21 ± 0.05 | 0.565 | 0.24 ± 0.08 | 0.27 ± 0.08 | 0.175 |