Table 3.

Results of AMOVA to explore the association between Caullerya mesnili parasite genotypes and the genetic (i.e., species) identity of Daphnia hosts

DNA extraction	Source of variation	df	Percent variation	P -value
10 single hosts/lake sample
	Among lakes	2	25.2	0.013
	Among host species, within lake	3	−0.1	0.32
	Within host species	332	74.9	<0.001

Daphnia species identity was assigned using 15 microsatellite loci (see Additional file 1: Figure S1). Calculations were based on the frequency of representative ITS-sequence variants (TCS-types) in C. mesnili parasite DNA (10 individually genotyped Daphnia hosts per sample; for selection of samples see Table 1).