Table 3.
Gender differences in pain, tiredness, stress, and sadness based on traditional average scores and based on two-part models
| Traditional model | Two-part model | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composite score | Frequency | Intensity | Difference | ||||
| Mean | ES (SE) | Mean % |
ES (SE) | Mean | ES (SE) | ES (SE) | |
| Pain | |||||||
| Men | 0.83 | -- | 29.8 | -- | 1.88 | -- | -- |
| Women | 0.96 | +.09 (.02)* | 29.6 | −.01 (.03) | 2.21 | +.22 (.04)* | +.22 (.04)* |
| Tired | |||||||
| Men | 2.07 | -- | 67.0 | -- | 2.90 | -- | -- |
| Women | 2.42 | +.25 (.03)* | 70.4 | +.10 (.03) | 3.28 | +.36 (.03)* | +.26 (.04)* |
| Stress | |||||||
| Men | 1.27 | -- | 46.8 | -- | 2.32 | -- | -- |
| Women | 1.43 | +.13 (.03)* | 46.9 | +.00 (.03) | 2.67 | +.30 (.04)* | +.30 (.04)* |
| Sad | |||||||
| Men | 0.59 | -- | 23.0 | -- | 1.98 | -- | -- |
| Women | 0.66 | +.07 (.03) | 22.6 | −.02 (.03) | 2.30 | +.25 (.04)* | +.26 (.05)* |
Note:
*
p < .001.
Effect sizes (ES) represent the standardized group difference calculated as the difference in means relative to the latent factor variance of each measure; SE = standard error.Sample sizes are n = 5,634 women and n = 7,195 men.