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. 2014 Dec 7;15(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12931-014-0156-4

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© Qi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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The levels of TNF-α in both serum and muscle tissue were elevated in COPD model rats, and AICAR or resveratrol treatment decreased the COPD-based TNF-α elevation. TNF-α in serum (A; Control: n = 14, 154.70 ± 3.47; COPD/saline: n = 12, 378.09 ± 7.60; COPD/AICAR, n = 14, 248.00 ± 6.30; COPD/Resveratrol, n = 12, 255.43 ± 9.40; ***F _{3, 51} = 181.12, p < 0.001 comparing to the control group; ###F _{2, 37} = 87.64, p < 0.001 for COPD/AICAR group or COPD/resveratrol group compared to the COPD/saline group). TNF-α in skeletal muscle (B; Control: n = 14, 129.77 ± 3.15; COPD/saline: n = 12, 330.56 ± 6.87; COPD / AICAR, n = 14, 212.37 ± 5.49; COPD/Resveratrol, n = 12, 229.30 ± 7.64; ***F _{3, 51} = 197.94, p < 0.001; ###F _{2, 37} = 91.87, p < 0.001 for COPD/AICAR group or COPD/resveratrol group compared to the COPD/saline group).