Table 1.
IC 50 (g/L)* for furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in thermophilic bacteria and ethanologenic microorganisms
| Organism | Furfural | 5-HMF | YE (% w/v) | Carbon (% w/v) | Time (h) | Temp (°C) | pH | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. pseudethanolicus 39E | 3 | 2 - 3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 12 | 65 | 7.0 | TS |
| T. pseudethanolicus 39E | 3 - 4 | 2 - 3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 24 | 65 | 7.0 | TS |
| Bacillus coagulans MXL-9 | 2.5 - 5 | 5 | 0.5# | 5-10 | 24 | 50 | 7.0 | [29] |
| C. saccharolyticus | 1 - 2 | 1 - 2 | 0.1 | 1 | 16, 40 | 72 | 7.0 | [30] |
| Thermoanaerobacterium strain AK17† | 2 | 3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 120 | 60 | 6.0 | [11] |
| Tm. thermosaccharolyticum | 1.25 | 1 | 0.2 | 1 | 40 | 60 | 7.0 | [31] |
| Thermotoga neapolitana | 2 - 4 | 2 - 4 | 0.1 | 1 | 16, 40 | 80 | 7.0 | [30] |
| E. coli LY180 | 1 - 1.5 | nd | none | 5 | 48 | 37 | 6.5 | [23] |
| E. coli LY180 | < 0.4 | nd | none | 5 (xyl) | 48 | 37 | 6.5 | [23] |
| E. coli LY180 | 1.5 | nd | 0.1 | 5 (xyl) | 48 | 37 | 6.5 | [23] |
| S. cerevisiae CBS 1200 | 0.5 | < 1 | 0.3 | 2 | 24 | 26 | 5.8 | [32] |
| S. cerevisiae NSI 113 | 2 | nd | 0.3 | 1 | 48 | 30 | 5.3 | [33] |
| Z. mobilis ATCC 10988 | 2 | 5 | 0.3 | 2 | 24 | 30 | 5.6 | [32] |
*Concentration at which 50% inhibition of growth occurred with furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). Values determined in this study are highlighted in boldface. #Medium also included 1% tryptone; †measured as 50% inhibition of ethanol production; YE, yeast extract; nd, not determined; xyl, xylose; TS, This study.