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. 2014 Dec 14;20(46):17618–17625. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i46.17618

Table 2.

Risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection and prevalence of Anti-Cag A seropositivity in the Iranian population

Ref. Prevalence of Anti-Cag A Main findings and risk factors
Alborzi et al[12] NA The prevalence of H. pylori was significantly lower in the 15-yr-old age group compared to the < 14-yr-old age group
Sex was not a risk factor for prevalence
Nouraie et al[13] NA Higher maternal education was protective against H. pylori infection
Low education, increasing age and overcrowding were risk factors for H. pylori infection
Jafarzadeh et al[14] 72.8% Prevalence of Anti-Hp IgG and Anti-Cag A Ab were increased with age
Jafarzadeh et al[15] 67.4% Prevalence of Anti-Cag A Ab was higher in males than females
Prevalence of Anti-Cag A Ab was higher in those < 30 yr
Alizadeh et al[16] NA Female sex and age (median 37 yr) were risk factors for H. pylori infection
Hygienic practice and crowding were not risk factors for H. pylori infection
Ghasemi Kebria et al[17] 57.7% No significant difference between rural and urban areas regarding prevalence
Seroprevalence increased with increasing age
Jafar et al[18] NA Larger family size was associated with higher prevalence
Increasing age was associated with H. pylori infection
Mikaeli et al[19] NA Increasing age was the only predictor of H. pylori infection
Mansour-Ghanaei et al[20] NA Water supply was a predictor of H. pylori infection
Mahram et al[21] NA Age and sex were not risk factors for H. pylori infection

NA: Not available; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori.