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. 2015 Jan;36:551–564. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.043

Table 1.

Distribution of predictors of participation.

Childhood n (%)
(a) Impairment in childhood
Walking ability (GMFCS)
 I Child walks and climbs stairs 176 (30)
 II Child walks inside 132 (22)
 III Child walks with limitations 102 (17)
 IV Moving about is limited 85 (14)
 V Moving about is severely limited 99 (17)
 Missing 0 (0)
Two-handed fine motor function (BFMF)
 I Without limitation 201 (34)
 II Both hands limited in fine skills 162 (27)
 III Child needs help with tasks 95 (16)
 IV Child needs help and adapted equipment 71 (12)
 V Child needs total human assistance 65 (11)
 Missing 0 (0)
Seizures (in previous year)
 No seizures and not on medication 427 (72)
 No seizures and on medication 55 (9)
 Seizures less than once a month 48 (8)
 Seizures more than once a month and less than once a week 32 (5)
 Seizures more than once a week 32 (5)
 Missing 0 (0)
Feeding
 Feeds by mouth with no problems 429 (72)
 Feeds by mouth but with difficulty 131 (22)
 Partial or complete feeding by tube 34 (6)
 Missing 0 (0)
Communication
 Normal communication 341 (57)
 Problem but communicates with speech 102 (17)
 Uses alternative formal methods to communicate 73 (12)
 No formal communication 78 (13)
 Missing 0 (0)
Intellectual impairment (IQ)
 >70 289 (49)
 50–70 138 (23)
 <50 162 (28)
 Missing 5 (1)
Predictor Childhood n (%) Adolescence n (%)
(b) Pain, psychological problems, parenting stress
Pain frequency
 None of the time 174 (30) 158 (27)
 Once or twice, or a few times 308 (53) 276 (47)
 Fairly often, very often, or almost every day or every day 104 (18) 152 (26)
 Missing 8 (1) 8 (1)
Pain severity
 None 175 (30) 158 (27)
 Very mild or mild 263 (45) 211 (36)
 Moderate, severe or very severe 148 (25) 217 (37)
 Missing 8 (1) 8 (1)
Total difficulties score of SDQ
 Normal 0–13 350 (60) 357 (61)
 Borderline 14–16 107 (18) 106 (18)
 Abnormal 17–40 130 (22) 125 (21)
 Missing 7 (1) 6 (1)
Total stress score of PSI-SF
 Normal (<85) 62 (10) 49 (8)
 Borderline (85–90) 335 (56) 332 (56)
 >90 180 (31) 200 (34)
 Missing 17 (3) 13 (2)