Table 3.
Abandoned technique and reason with alternative method adopted BMV - bag mask ventilation; SAD–supraglottic airway device; ROSC/R–return of spontaneous circulation/respiration; ALS - advanced life support; HEMS–helicopter emergency medical service.
| Alternative method adopted |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abandoned technique and reason | BMV | SAD | 2nd SAD | Intubation | Reintub-ation | Reposit-ioned | **ROSC/R | Could not ventilate | Total | Percent-age |
| BMV | 29 | 53 | 9 | 91 | 100% | |||||
| Inadequate ventilation | 6 | 9 | 15 | 16% | ||||||
| Regurgitation | 5 | 23 | 28 | 31% | ||||||
| *Perform ALS | 18 | 19 | 37 | 41% | ||||||
| **ROSC/R | 9 | 9 | 10% | |||||||
| ***HEMS | 1 | 1 | 1% | |||||||
| Not given | 1 | 1 | 1% | |||||||
| SAD | 1 | 3 | 32 | 1 | 1 | 38 | 100% | |||
| Inadequate ventilation | 1 | 15 | 16 | 42% | ||||||
| Regurgitation | 7 | 7 | 18% | |||||||
| Displaced | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8% | ||||||
| Unable to position | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5% | ||||||
| *Perform ALS | 5 | 5 | 13% | |||||||
| **ROSC/R | 1 | 1 | 3% | |||||||
| ***HEMS | 4 | 4 | 11% | |||||||
| 2nd SAD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 100% | ||||||
| Inadequate ventilation | 1 | 1 | 33% | |||||||
| Displaced | 2 | 2 | 67% | |||||||
| Tracheal Intubation | 3 | 14 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 34 | 100% | ||
| Failed intubation | 3 | 14 | 8 | 1 | 26 | 76% | ||||
| Displaced | 5 | 5 | 15% | |||||||
| **ROSC/R | 3 | 3 | 9% | |||||||
| Reintubation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 100% | ||||||
| Failed intubation | 1 | 2 | 3 | 100% | ||||||
| Grand Total | 5 | 45 | 3 | 86 | 8 | 8 | 13 | 1 | 169 | |
| Percentage | 3% | 27% | 2% | 51% | 5% | 5% | 8% | 1% | 100% | |
*Perform ALS: The paramedic decided to move to a more advanced airway management technique.
** ROSC/R: The airway device was removed because the patient had a return of spontaneous circulation.
***HEMS: A doctor-led pre-hospital critical care team arrived at scene, assumed patient care and made a change to airway management.