TABLE 4—
Logistic Regression of Socioemotional Difficulties on Screen-Based Media Use and Sports Participation: UK Household Longitudinal Study, 2009
| Variable | Socioemotional Difficulties,a % | Model 1: Bivariate, OR (95% CI) | Model 2: Multivariate Adjusted for Confounders,b OR (95% CI) | Model 3: Multivariate Fully Adjusted,c OR (95% CI) |
| Chatting on social Web sites, h/d | ||||
| < 1 (Ref) | 7.37 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–3 | 8.07 | 1.10 (0.86, 1.42) | 1.36 (1.03, 1.79) | 1.32 (0.99, 1.76) |
| ≥ 4 | 15.20 | 2.25 (1.55, 3.27) | 3.03 (2.01, 4.59) | 2.38 (1.47, 3.84) |
| Playing computer games on school day, h/d | ||||
| < 1 (Ref) | 6.60 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–3 | 8.79 | 1.36 (1.07, 1.74) | 1.33 (1.04, 1.70) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.42) |
| ≥ 4 | 13.67 | 2.24 (1.58, 3.18) | 2.38 (1.64, 3.44) | 1.33 (0.87, 2.03) |
| Using game console on school day , h/d | ||||
| < 1 (Ref) | 6.26 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–3 | 10.54 | 1.76 (1.38, 2.25) | 1.72 (1.30, 2.29) | 1.63 (1.23, 2.17) |
| ≥ 4 | 15.11 | 2.67 (1.83, 3.89) | 2.73 (1.80, 4.15) | 2.21 (1.45, 3.39) |
| Watching TV on school day, h/d | ||||
| < 1 (Ref) | 6.92 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1–3 | 7.90 | 1.15 (0.87, 1.53) | 1.12 (0.84, 1.50) | 1.10 (0.82, 1.49) |
| ≥ 4 | 10.51 | 1.58 (1.11, 2.24) | 1.48 (1.03, 2.12) | 1.22 (0.83, 1.77) |
| Sports participation, d/wk | ||||
| < 1 | 17.49 | 2.95 (1.98, 4.40) | 3.48 (2.31, 5.25) | 3.62 (2.38, 5.50) |
| 1–2 | 8.90 | 1.36 (0.97, 1.90) | 1.56 (1.09, 2.21) | 1.59 (1.11, 2.28) |
| 3–4 | 7.79 | 1.18 (0.86, 1.61) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.85) | 1.39 (1.00, 1.92) |
| 5–6 | 6.30 | 0.94 (0.64, 1.36) | 0.99 (0.69, 1.46) | 1.05 (0.72, 1.54) |
| 7 (Ref) | 6.70 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
a
Defined as scoring in the top decile of Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.
b
Age, gender, highest parental educational qualifications, and household income.
c
All confounders included in model 2 and all other screen-based and sport participation indicators.