TABLE 4—

Regression Results for Evaluation of the Sure Start Program’s Impact in Areas of High-Intensity Interventions: Uttar Pradesh, India, 2007–2010

Variables	ITT-L2 Over L1 OR (95% CI)a	Count Vvariables Estimates IRR (95% CI)b	DD Coefficientsc	MG attendance Non-IV, Endline OR (95% CI)d	IV Estimate-DD-LATEe	IV Estimate -MG Effect -LATEf
Health
Neonatal mortality rate	0.979 (0.805, 1.189)		0.001	0.813 (0.634 1.041)	–0.414	–0.004
Experiencing complications during labor and delivery		0.917 (0.832, 1.010)			0.135	–0.153*
Experiencing complications during postpartum		0.839*** (0.772, 0.911)			0.085	–0.408**
Experiencing complications during pregnancy		0.853*** (0.801, 0.909)			–0.345	–0.807***
Accessing Care
Antenatal care received	1.458** (1.149, 1.848)		0.061***	3.829*** (3.307, 4.432)	0.091	0.161***
2 tetanus injections	1.286** (1.070, 1.560)		0.033***	2.817*** (2.412, 3.228)	0.100***	0.093***
Iron-folic tablet	1.478*** (1.215, 1.797)		0.075***	3.380*** (2.980, 3.832)	0.171***	0.212***
Supplementary nutrition	1.126 (0.903, 1.404)		0.023	2.496*** (2.281, 2.730)	0.022	0.132***
JSY received	1.168 (0.952, 1.434)		0.031	1.891*** (1.729, 2.067)	0.047	0.136*
JSY received > 1400 rupees	1.169 (0.955, 1.429)		0.030	1.911*** (1.747, 2.089)	0.062	0.148*
Home delivery	0.843 (0.956, 1.429)		–0.026	0.560*** (0.510, 0.615)	–0.036	–0.142*
Skill attendance	1.324* (1.044, 1.677)		0.023	1.560*** (1.299, 1.873)	0.114**	0.143***
Visit to health clinic month	1.017 (0.830, 1.244)		0.016	1.308*** (1.135, 1.507)	0.006	0.0206
Institutional delivery	1.184 (0.957, 1.463)		0.027	1.763*** (1.606, 1.985)	0.037	0.143*
Institutional delivery (nonemergency only)	1.253* (1.012, 1.550)		0.032	1.867*** (1.704, 2.044)	0.056	0.191**
Behavior
Washed hands	1.147 (0.915, 1.437)		0.024	1.552*** (1.304, 1.847)	0.126*	0.103*
New blade	1.186 (0.824, 1.708)		0.007	1.508 (0.921, 2.467)	0.029	0.029
Nothing on cord	1.509*** (1.279, 1.778)		0.081**	2.197*** (1.901, 2.538)	0.307***	0.415***
All 3 above	1.507*** (1.248, 1.818)		0.078**	2.299*** (1.993, 2.650)	0.285***	0.390***
Delayed bath	1.956*** (1.683, 2.270)		0.120***	2.814*** (2.523, 3.136)	0.234***	0.387***
First colostrum	1.803*** (1.435, 2.265)		0.114***	3.428*** (3.040, 3.855)	0.314***	0.323***
Breast milk within an hr	1.896*** (1.602, 2.242)		0.125***	2.945*** (2.686, 3.229)	0.363***	0.471***
Breast milk first wk	2.326*** (1.967, 2.751)		0.194***	3.371*** (3.06, 3.707)	0.460***	0.560***
Exclusive breast milk 6 mo	2.024*** (1.714, 2.389)		0.086***	3.063*** (2.743, 3.420)	0.281***	0.333***

Note. CI = confidence interval; DD = difference in difference; ITT = intent to treat; JSY = Janani Suraksha Yojana, a conditional cash transfer scheme; L1 = level 1; L2 = level 2; LATE = local average treatment effect; MG = mother’s group; OR = odds ratio.

^aITT results expressed as an odds ratio through use of logistic regression and random effect model, ; where y stands for outcome variable for person i in region j at time 1; and D is treatment areas valued at 1 for L2, 0 for L1. The subscript 1 indicates follow up data.

^bIncidence rate ratio estimations for count variable through use of negative binomial using the above equation; not presented for non-IV estimations mother’s group attendance at the individual level.

^cLinear probability estimations for DD estimations: ; T stands for time, either 0 or 1 with subscript t standing for time either 0 or 1.

^dMother’s groups estimations without correction for selection, presented for heuristic reasons only: . Only odd ratios are presented; count data analyses were not carried out for pregnancy morbidity.

^eIV Linear estimation results with robust error adjustment by instrumenting percentage of women attending MG in a panchayat; these indicate village level estimations. The unit of analysis is the village/panchayat level. Denote the instrumented variable as MGIVavg; this column estimates: . Avg denotes averages over the village. We suspect serial correlation in this model.

^fEstimations of the following: .

*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.