TABLE 3—
Linear Regression Coefficients for Change in Self-Assessed Social Competence Between Third and Fifth Grade: United States, Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998–1999
| Variable | ∆Social Competence (SE) |
| Weight Category | |
| Normal (Ref) | 1.000 |
| Overweight | −0.010 (0.032) |
| Obese | 0.038 (0.034) |
| Gender | |
| Male (Ref) | 1.000 |
| Female | 0.041 (0.023) |
| Race | |
| White (Ref) | 1.000 |
| Black | 0.054 (0.051) |
| Hispanic | −0.008 (0.042) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | −0.023 (0.080) |
| American Indian | −0.094 (0.103) |
| Multiracial | −0.003 (0.076) |
| Age, mo | −0.004 (0.006) |
| SES quintile | |
| 1 (Lowest; Ref) | 1.000 |
| 2 | 0.021 (0.059) |
| 3 | 0.084 (0.059) |
| 4 | 0.054 (0.051) |
| 5 | 0.137* (0.058) |
| US region | |
| Northeast (Ref) | 1.000 |
| Midwest | −0.046 (0.040) |
| South | −0.026 (0.041) |
| West | −0.007 (0.042) |
| Urbanicity | |
| City | |
| Suburban or town | 0.023 (0.030) |
| Rural | −0.018 (0.035) |
| Parents in household | |
| Mother and father | |
| Mother and stepfather | 0.028 (0.046) |
| Father and stepmother | −0.047 (0.094) |
| Mother only | −0.062* (0.031) |
| Father only | −0.042 (0.126) |
| Adopted | −0.039 (0.078) |
| Mother works full time | −0.000 (0.028) |
| Maternal depression | 0.014 (0.032) |
| Physical activity | |
| No sports | |
| Individual sports only | −0.007 (0.045) |
| Group sports only | 0.079* (0.037) |
| Both group and individual sports | 0.084* (0.033) |
| Constant | 0.199 (0.627) |
Note. SES = socioeconomic status. Data were from the 2002 third-grade wave and the 2004 fifth-grade wave, and the model was adjusted for all variables as shown. Sample size for this analysis was n = 8346.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.